Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Clin J Pain. 2019 Jun;35(6):515-520. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000707.
The opioid crisis in America affects both adults and children. However, knowledge about the epidemiology of the opioid crisis, opioid prescribing patterns, and the link between opioid prescribing and problematic opioid behaviors remain limited. Thus, children are often excluded from health care policies and guidelines aimed at curbing the opioid crises. The primary aim of this topical review is to provide a brief overview of the opioid crises affecting children, followed by a synopsis of recent research on opioid prescribing patterns and data on the links between legitimate opioid use and risk for problematic opioid use behaviors.
This is a narrative review.
Opioid misuse is a public health crisis facing children and adolescents in the United States and serves as a key antecedent for other problematic opioid behaviors, including opioid use disorder, heroin use, and opioid overdose. Furthermore, the United States experienced a significant increase in opioid prescribing to children and adolescents as compared with prescribing rates before the year 2000. Yet, data on the associations between opioid prescribing patterns and risk for problematic opioid use remains limited.
There exist an urgent need to identify adolescents at increased risk for problematic opioid use behaviors following a receipt of medically prescribed opioids. The article closes with some general guidelines that providers may follow to reduce the risk of opioids in pediatric patients.
美国的阿片类药物危机不仅影响成年人，也影响儿童。然而，有关阿片类药物危机的流行病学、阿片类药物处方模式以及阿片类药物处方与问题性阿片类药物行为之间的联系的知识仍然有限。因此，儿童通常被排除在旨在遏制阿片类药物危机的医疗保健政策和指南之外。本次专题综述的主要目的是简要概述影响儿童的阿片类药物危机，随后概述最近关于阿片类药物处方模式的研究以及关于合法使用阿片类药物与出现问题性阿片类药物使用行为风险之间联系的数据。
这是一篇叙述性综述。
阿片类药物滥用是美国儿童和青少年面临的公共卫生危机，也是其他问题性阿片类药物行为的关键前兆，包括阿片类药物使用障碍、海洛因使用和阿片类药物过量。此外，与 2000 年之前的处方率相比，美国给儿童和青少年开的阿片类药物处方显著增加。然而，关于阿片类药物处方模式与出现问题性阿片类药物使用风险之间的关联的数据仍然有限。
目前迫切需要确定在接受医学上开具的阿片类药物后出现问题性阿片类药物使用行为的青少年。文章最后提出了一些一般准则，供提供者在减少儿科患者的阿片类药物风险时参考。
