Department of Planning and Public Administration, Eastern Washington University, 668 N Riverpoint Blvd, Suite A, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
The Urban Form Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 2;16(7):1180. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071180.
Exposure to food environments has mainly been limited to counting food outlets near participants' homes. This study considers food environment exposures in time and space using global positioning systems (GPS) records and fast food restaurants (FFRs) as the environment of interest. Data came from 412 participants (median participant age of 45) in the Seattle Obesity Study II who completed a survey, wore GPS receivers, and filled out travel logs for seven days. FFR locations were obtained from Public Health Seattle King County and geocoded. Exposure was conceptualized as contact between stressors (FFRs) and receptors (participants' mobility records from GPS data) using four proximities: 21 m, 100 m, 500 m, and ½ mile. Measures included count of proximal FFRs, time duration in proximity to ≥1 FFR, and time duration in proximity to FFRs weighted by FFR counts. Self-reported exposures (FFR visits) were excluded from these measures. Logistic regressions tested associations between one or more reported FFR visits and the three exposure measures at the four proximities. Time spent in proximity to an FFR was associated with significantly higher odds of FFR visits at all proximities. Weighted duration also showed positive associations with FFR visits at 21-m and 100-m proximities. FFR counts were not associated with FFR visits. Duration of exposure helps measure the relationship between the food environment, mobility patterns, and health behaviors. The stronger associations between exposure and outcome found at closer proximities (<100 m) need further research.
暴露于食物环境主要限于计算参与者家附近的食物场所。本研究使用全球定位系统（GPS）记录和快餐店（FFR）来考虑时间和空间中的食物环境暴露情况，将其作为感兴趣的环境。数据来自西雅图肥胖研究 II 中的 412 名参与者（中位数参与者年龄为 45 岁），他们完成了一项调查、佩戴 GPS 接收器并填写了七天的旅行日志。FFR 地点从公共卫生西雅图金县获得，并进行了地理编码。暴露被概念化为应激源（FFR）和受体（来自 GPS 数据的参与者移动记录）之间的接触，使用四种接近度：21 米、100 米、500 米和半英里。措施包括附近 FFR 的计数、在至少一个 FFR 附近的持续时间以及根据 FFR 计数加权的 FFR 附近的持续时间。自我报告的暴露（FFR 访问）不包括在这些措施中。逻辑回归测试了一个或多个报告的 FFR 访问次数与四个接近度下的三种暴露措施之间的关联。与 FFR 接近度相关的时间与 FFR 访问的几率显著相关，所有接近度均如此。加权持续时间也与 21 米和 100 米接近度的 FFR 访问呈正相关。FFR 计数与 FFR 访问无关。暴露时间有助于衡量食物环境、移动模式和健康行为之间的关系。在更近的接近度（<100 米）下发现的暴露与结果之间的更强关联需要进一步研究。
