Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
NIHR CLAHRC NWC, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and, Northern Ireland.
Aging Ment Health. 2020 Aug;24(8):1288-1294. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1603283. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
The aim of this study was to explore the remaining abilities of people with dementia (PwD) in performing daily activities. Informal carers of community-residing PwD were recruited across England via mail out and carer support groups. Carers completed the to rate the PwD's initiative and performance of daily activities. Six complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were selected: shopping, preparing a hot drink, using the telephone, preparing a cold meal, house work, and engaging in social activities, all of which were broken down into three sub-tasks. Data were analysed using Chi-square tests and linear regression analysis, assessing the contributions of hours of IADL care, hours of supervision, and dementia stage for each activity. 581 carers of people with mild, moderate, and severe dementia completed the questionnaire. The ability to perform individual activities deteriorated from mild to moderate to severe dementia, with PwD remaining the most able to perform subtasks of preparing a hot drink and a cold meal. Subtask performance varied across activities, with some better maintained than others across severity stages. Linear regression models showed that hours of supervising PwD explained a greater proportion of the variance of each IADL than IADL care hours. PwD should be supervised to continue engaging in activities, thereby avoiding performing everything for the PwD. Findings can have implications for PwD living in nursing homes, and future research should explore the remaining IADL abilities of nursing home residents.
本研究旨在探索痴呆症患者（PwD）在日常生活活动中尚存的能力。通过邮件和护理者支持小组，在英格兰各地招募了居住在社区的 PwD 的非专业护理者。护理者完成了来评估 PwD 的主动性和日常生活活动的执行情况。选择了六项复杂的日常生活活动（IADL）：购物、准备热饮、使用电话、准备冷餐、家务和参与社交活动，所有这些都被细分为三个子任务。使用卡方检验和线性回归分析来分析数据，评估每项活动的 IADL 护理时间、监督时间和痴呆症阶段的贡献。581 名轻度、中度和重度痴呆症患者的护理者完成了问卷。执行个别活动的能力从轻度到中度到重度痴呆症逐渐下降，PwD 仍然最能够执行准备热饮和冷餐的子任务。子任务的表现因活动而异，一些活动在严重程度阶段的维持情况要好于其他活动。线性回归模型表明，监督 PwD 的时间比 IADL 护理时间解释了每个 IADL 的更多方差。应监督 PwD 继续参与活动，从而避免为 PwD 完成所有事情。研究结果可能对居住在养老院的 PwD 产生影响，未来的研究应探索养老院居民尚存的 IADL 能力。
