Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 1A2 , Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Nov 6;52(21):12108-12121. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02767. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
Exposure to pyrethroid insecticides has been linked to adverse health effects, and can originate from several sources, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, home pest control, food contamination, and occupational exposure. We aimed to explore the determinants of urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in a rural population with high pesticide use. The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother-child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine and collected information on several factors possibly related to pesticide exposure, including IRS, home pesticide use, and maternal factors (e.g., dietary habits and body composition). We performed statistical analysis using both conventional bivariate regressions and Bayesian variable selection methods. Urinary pyrethroid metabolites are consistently associated with pesticide factors around homes, including pesticide application in yards and food stocks, and IRS in the home during pregnancy, while more distant factors such as village spraying are not. High fat intake is associated with higher metabolite concentrations, and women from homes drawing water from wells or springs had marginally higher levels. Home pesticide use is the most consistent correlate of pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, but IRS, dietary habits, and household water source may also be important exposure determinants.
接触拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂与不良健康影响有关，其来源包括用于疟疾防控的室内滞留喷洒、家庭害虫防治、食物污染和职业暴露。我们旨在探索高农药使用农村人群尿液中拟除虫菊酯代谢物浓度的决定因素。文达母婴及其环境健康检查（VHEMBE）是南非林波波省的一个出生队列，共纳入 752 对母婴。我们测量了母亲尿液中的拟除虫菊酯代谢物，并收集了可能与农药暴露相关的几个因素的信息，包括室内滞留喷洒、家庭农药使用和产妇因素（例如，饮食习惯和身体成分）。我们使用常规双变量回归和贝叶斯变量选择方法进行了统计分析。尿液中拟除虫菊酯代谢物与家庭周围的农药因素（包括院子和食物库存中的农药使用以及怀孕期间家中的室内滞留喷洒）呈一致相关，而村庄喷洒等较远的因素则不相关。高脂肪摄入与更高的代谢物浓度相关，且来自水井或泉水供水家庭的女性水平略有升高。家庭农药使用是拟除虫菊酯代谢物浓度最一致的相关因素，但室内滞留喷洒、饮食习惯和家庭用水来源也可能是重要的暴露决定因素。
