Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, CT 06269, USA.
Poult Sci. 2019 Sep 1;98(9):4073-4083. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez198.
Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, is often associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. With increasing consumer preference to natural and minimally processed foods, interventions utilizing natural antimicrobials for controlling C. jejuni on poultry products are gaining popularity. This study investigated the efficacy of the generally recognized as safe compound carvacrol (CR) as a wash treatment in reducing C. jejuni and aerobic bacteria on chicken skin. Two separate studies, each with 2 trials, were conducted. In the first study, the efficacy of CR suspension (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2%) was investigated, whereas in the second the efficacy of CR as suspension, emulsion, and nanoemulsion was studied. In both studies, skin samples were inoculated with 50 μL (∼8 log10 cfu/sample) of a cocktail of 4 wild strains of C. jejuni. After 30 min of attachment, samples were washed with the respective treatments for 1 min, drip dried for 2 min, and processed at 0, 8, 24, h post-treatment for enumeration of C. jejuni and aerobic bacterial counts (n = 5/treatment/time point). In addition, the effect of treatments on the color of chicken skin was evaluated. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. In the first study, all the tested doses of CR suspension consistently reduced C. jejuni counts across all time points. The 2% CR suspension wash reduced C. jejuni counts by ∼2.4 to 4 log10 cfu/sample (P < 0.05). In addition, 1% and 2% CR suspensions significantly reduced aerobic counts at all the time points. The results from the second study suggest that anti-Campylobacter efficacy of CR emulsion or nanoemulsion treatments was not improved compared to CR suspension. Several CR suspension treatments were more effective than corresponding emulsion or nanoemulsion treatments. No significant differences were observed in the color of the samples between treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggest that CR could potentially be used as an antimicrobial wash treatment in postharvest poultry.
空肠弯曲菌是一种全球范围内导致人类肠胃炎的主要病原体，常与受污染的家禽产品有关。随着消费者对天然和低加工食品的偏好增加，利用天然抗菌剂控制家禽产品中弯曲菌的干预措施越来越受欢迎。本研究调查了普遍认为安全的化合物香芹酚（CR）作为洗涤处理剂，以减少鸡肉皮上的空肠弯曲菌和需氧菌的功效。进行了两项独立的研究，每项研究都进行了 2 次试验。在第一项研究中，研究了 CR 悬浮液（0、0.25、0.5、1 和 2%）的功效，而在第二项研究中，研究了 CR 作为悬浮液、乳液和纳米乳液的功效。在两项研究中，将 50 μL（约 8 log10 cfu/样品）的 4 株野生空肠弯曲菌混合物接种到皮肤样品上。在 30 分钟的附着后，用各自的处理方法洗涤样品 1 分钟，沥干 2 分钟，然后在处理后 0、8、24 小时进行处理，以对空肠弯曲菌和需氧细菌计数（n = 5/处理/时间点）进行计数。此外，还评估了处理方法对鸡肉皮颜色的影响。使用 SAS 的 PROC MIXED 程序对数据进行分析。在第一项研究中，所有测试剂量的 CR 悬浮液均能在所有时间点持续降低空肠弯曲菌的计数。2% CR 悬浮液洗涤可将空肠弯曲菌计数减少约 2.4 至 4 log10 cfu/样品（P <0.05）。此外，1%和 2% CR 悬浮液在所有时间点均显著降低了需氧计数。第二项研究的结果表明，CR 乳液或纳米乳液处理的抗弯曲菌功效并没有比 CR 悬浮液更好。几种 CR 悬浮液处理方法比相应的乳液或纳米乳液处理方法更有效。处理之间样品的颜色没有明显差异（P > 0.05）。结果表明，CR 可能有潜力作为一种用于家禽产后的抗菌洗涤处理剂。
