Wang Cai Yun, Wu Chun Cheng, Cao Xia, He Zi Dian, Zeng Xiao Yu, Jiang Tao
College of Horticulture, Hebei Normal University of Science ＆ Technology, Changli 066600, Hebei, China.
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science ＆ Technology, Changli 066600, Hebei, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 Apr;30(4):1359-1366. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.036.
In this study, we examined the effects of biochar addition on the soil nutrition and microbial community diversity in continuous cultivated cucumber soils, using 95% soils of planting cucumbers for 6 and 10 years mixed with 5% biochar as treatment and no biochar addition as control, all plants cultivated in the pots. The results showed that adding biochar increased per plant yield of cucumber by 11.4% and 62.8% compared with continuous cropping soil of 6 years and 10 years, respectively. Biochar addition significantly decreased two continuous cropping soils bulk density, increased the content of soil organic matter, available P content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil pH. Meanwhile, biochar addition remarkably improved the abundance of bacteria, ratio of bacteria/fungi, but reduced the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum, which made fungal type soil turn to bacterial type soil. For 10 years continuous cropping soils of adding biochar, the abundance of soil bacteria and bacteria/fungi ratio were 2.00 and 3.64 times to that in the control, respectively, and the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum were decreased by 54.8% and 55.9%, respectively. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soil microbial activities, soil microbial Shannon and McIntosh indexes of 10 years soil by 1.50, 2.14 and 1.31 times, respectively. For continuous cropping soil of 10 years, biochar addition significantly increased microbial utilization abilities of carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic acid and amine by 1.62, 1.81, 1.74 and 1.93 times, respectively. There were remarkable influences of soil bulk density, available P content, CEC, and pH value to changes of soil microbial community. In conclusion, biochar addition optimized the riphzosphere environment, increased cucumber yield, and alleviated continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil microbial community.
在本研究中，我们以种植黄瓜6年和10年的95%土壤与5%生物炭混合作为处理，不添加生物炭作为对照，所有植株均种植于花盆中，研究了添加生物炭对连作黄瓜土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明，与6年和10年连作土壤相比，添加生物炭分别使黄瓜单株产量提高了11.4%和62.8%。添加生物炭显著降低了两种连作土壤的容重，增加了土壤有机质含量、有效磷含量、阳离子交换量（CEC）和土壤pH值。同时，添加生物炭显著提高了细菌丰度、细菌/真菌比，但降低了真菌和尖孢镰刀菌的丰度，使真菌型土壤转变为细菌型土壤。对于添加生物炭的10年连作土壤，土壤细菌丰度和细菌/真菌比分别是对照的2.00倍和3.64倍，真菌和尖孢镰刀菌的丰度分别降低了54.8%和55.9%。添加生物炭显著增强了土壤微生物活性，10年土壤的微生物香农指数和麦金托什指数分别提高了1.50倍、2.14倍和1.31倍。对于10年连作土壤，添加生物炭显著提高了微生物对碳水化合物、氨基酸、酚酸和胺的利用能力，分别提高了1.62倍、1.81倍、1.74倍和1.93倍。土壤容重、有效磷含量、CEC和pH值对土壤微生物群落变化有显著影响。总之，添加生物炭通过改善土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落，优化了根际环境，提高了黄瓜产量，缓解了连作障碍。
