Kumar N Girish, Arora Srimathy S, Kumar Ish, Pandher Pavneet Kaur, Balwan Rahul
1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Golden Hills, Vattapara, Thiruvananthapuram, 695028 India.
2Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana India.
J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2019 Jun;18(2):238-244. doi: 10.1007/s12663-018-1129-9. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
The maxillofacial region can be affected by a number of subcutaneous pathologic conditions that include developmental, inflammatory, infective and neoplastic entities. Many of these lesions present as a soft to firm painless swelling. Differential diagnosis of such lesions requires thorough knowledge of maxillofacial pathology as well as anatomy to come to a correct diagnosis and provide effective treatment. Misdiagnosis and improper treatment can lead to other complications and morbidity. The commonly encountered lesions include dermoid cysts, branchial cysts, lipoma and thyroglossal cyst. Dermoid cysts are dysontogenetic cysts rarely involving the maxillofacial region (1.6-7% of all dermoid cysts of the body). The most common site of involvement in the maxillofacial region is near the frontozygomatic suture followed by cervical region. Some lesions have a deep component which may involve the cranial or orbital cavities. This is a retrospective study of the cases managed at our center from 2001 to 2017. Of the 12 cases in our study, all but one was involving the floor of the mouth. There were 11 males and 1 female. Swelling was the only symptom. The patients age ranged from 16 to 34 years (Table 2). The cysts were present for a period ranging from 6 months to 5 years at the time of reporting. All cases were managed with enucleation. The patients are on follow-up with no report of recurrence. The period of follow-up was 1 to 16 years. There were no complications postoperatively.
颌面区域可能会受到多种皮下病理状况的影响，这些状况包括发育性、炎症性、感染性和肿瘤性病变。其中许多病变表现为质地从软到硬的无痛性肿胀。对此类病变进行鉴别诊断需要全面了解颌面病理学以及解剖学知识，以便做出正确诊断并提供有效的治疗。误诊和不当治疗可能会导致其他并发症和发病率增加。常见的病变包括皮样囊肿、鳃裂囊肿、脂肪瘤和甲状舌管囊肿。皮样囊肿是发育异常性囊肿，很少累及颌面区域（占全身所有皮样囊肿的1.6 - 7%）。颌面区域最常受累的部位是额颧缝附近，其次是颈部区域。一些病变有深部成分，可能累及颅腔或眼眶。这是一项对2001年至2017年在我们中心治疗的病例的回顾性研究。在我们研究的12例病例中，除1例之外均累及口底。有11名男性和1名女性。肿胀是唯一症状。患者年龄在16岁至34岁之间（表2）。在报告时，囊肿存在的时间为6个月至5年。所有病例均采用摘除术治疗。患者正在接受随访，无复发报告。随访时间为1至16年。术后无并发症。
