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理解海德格尔的“不显眼之物或不明显之物的现象学”。

Making sense of Heidegger's 'phenomenology of the inconspicuous' or inapparent ().

作者信息

Alvis Jason W

机构信息

University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Cont Philos Rev. 2018;51(2):211-238. doi: 10.1007/s11007-017-9422-8. Epub 2017 Jun 22.

DOI:10.1007/s11007-017-9422-8
PMID:30996652
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6435217/
Abstract

In Heidegger's last seminar, which was in Zähringen in 1973, he introduces what he called a "phenomenology of the inconspicuous" (). Despite scholars' occasional references to this "approach" over the last 40 years, this approach of Heidegger's has gone largely under investigated in secondary literature. This article introduces three different, although not necessarily conflicting ways in which these sparse references to inconspicuousness can be interpreted: (1) The a priori of appearance can never be brought , and the (inconspicuous) is interwoven with the scheinbar (appearing) as an active characteristic or form of "hiddenness" (Λήθη), therefore making inconspicuousness inherent within all phenomenology. (2) Or, there is now a particular step or reduction within phenomenology that involves one's being attuned to the various modes of potential hiddenness (Verborgenheit and its cognates), of which "inconspicuousness" is a particular character trait. Or (3) there are particular, unique, and specific phenomena that give themselves "inconspicuously," and there is also thus a corresponding, particular phenomenology in which one must engage in order to gain some kind of access to these specific things' phenomenal strata. This paper introduces Heidegger's "phenomenology of the inconspicuous" most especially in his last seminar in Zähringen in 1973, engages related references to unscheinbar in his 1942/1943 Seminar on Parmenides, and then puts forward an interpretation of what these somewhat ambiguous references could mean when contextualized according to Heidegger's overall interests. This essay brings these references to light, and puts forward a proposal as to what kind of phenomenology Heidegger was-somewhat inconspicuously-referring.

摘要

在海德格尔于1973年在策林根举办的最后一次研讨班上,他引入了他所谓的“不显眼之物的现象学”( )。尽管在过去40年里学者们偶尔会提及这种“方法”,但海德格尔的这种方法在二手文献中很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。本文介绍了三种不同的、尽管不一定相互冲突的方式,通过这些方式可以解释对不显眼之物的这些零散提及:(1)表象的先验性永远无法被呈现出来,而不显眼之物(不显眼)与貌似之物(显现之物)相互交织,作为“遮蔽”(遗忘)的一种积极特征或形式,因此使不显眼性内在于所有现象学之中。(2)或者,现象学中现在有一个特定的步骤或还原,它涉及人对潜在遮蔽的各种模式(遮蔽状态及其同源词)的调适,其中“不显眼性”是一种特定的特征。或者(3)存在一些特殊的、独特的和具体的现象,它们“不显眼地”自行显现,因此也有一种相应的、特殊的现象学,人们必须参与其中,以便能够接触到这些具体事物的现象层面。本文特别在海德格尔1973年在策林根举办的最后一次研讨班中介绍了他的“不显眼之物的现象学”,涉及他在1942/1943年关于巴门尼德的研讨班中对不显眼的相关提及,然后根据海德格尔的整体兴趣,对这些有些模糊的提及在语境中的含义提出一种解释。本文揭示了这些提及,并就海德格尔以某种不显眼的方式所指涉的是何种现象学提出了一个建议。

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