Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 May;236(5):1597-1609. doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05224-0. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
The gut microbiota is comprised of a vast variety of microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and exert crucial roles for the host health. These microorganisms, partially via their breakdown of dietary components, are able to modulate immune response, mood, and behavior, establishing a chemical dialogue in the microbiota-gut-brain interphase. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and functionality are associated with multiple diseases, in which altered levels of gut-associated neuropeptides are also detected. Gut neuropeptides are strong neuroimmune modulators; they mediate the communication between the gut microbiota and the host (including gut-brain axis) and have also recently been found to exert antimicrobial properties. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between gut neuropeptides and microbiota and their implications on host health. Here, we will discuss how gut neuropeptides help to maintain a balanced microbiota and we will point at the missing gaps that need to be further investigated in order to elucidate whether these molecules are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis and altered gut neuropeptide levels.
肠道微生物群由定植于胃肠道的大量微生物组成，对宿主健康发挥着至关重要的作用。这些微生物通过分解膳食成分，部分地调节免疫反应、情绪和行为，在微生物群-肠道-大脑相互作用中建立了化学对话。肠道微生物群组成和功能的改变与多种疾病有关，其中也检测到与肠道相关神经肽水平的改变。肠道神经肽是强大的神经免疫调节剂；它们介导肠道微生物群与宿主（包括肠道-大脑轴）之间的通讯，最近也被发现具有抗菌特性。这凸显了理解肠道神经肽和微生物群之间相互作用及其对宿主健康影响的重要性。在这里，我们将讨论肠道神经肽如何帮助维持平衡的微生物群，我们还将指出需要进一步研究的缺失环节，以阐明这些分子是否与神经精神疾病有关，这些疾病通常与肠道菌群失调和肠道神经肽水平改变有关。
