Digestive System and Nutrition Laboratory (ADEN EA4311), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation, IFRMP23, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen University, Rouen, France.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Sep;14(5):477-82. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834936e7.
Although the cause of most neuropsychiatric disorders remains uncertain, new data offer alternative explanations warranting further validations. This review summarizes some recent findings that may localize the origin of eating disorders as well as some other neuropsychiatric disorders outside the brain and discuss their cause as a possible dysfunction of the gut-brain axis involving the humoral immune system.
The gut microbiota has been identified as the main source of highest biological variability confined in an individual and also provides constant antigenic stimulation shaping up the physiological immune response. Furthermore, molecular mimicry has been shown among microbial proteins including gut microbiota and several key neuropeptides involved in the regulation of motivated behavior and emotion. Immunoglobulins reactive with these neuropeptides have been identified in humans, and their levels or affinities were associated with neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, eating and sleep disorders.
Cross-reacting immunoglobulins may bind both microbial sequences and neuropeptides, thereby constituting a particular way of signaling between the gut and the brain. Alteration of this link may contribute to several neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the key role of nutrition among other factors influencing gut content and intestinal permeability.
尽管大多数神经精神疾病的病因仍不清楚，但新的数据提供了其他一些值得进一步验证的替代解释。本文综述了一些最近的发现，这些发现可能将饮食失调以及其他一些神经精神疾病的起源定位在大脑之外，并讨论了它们作为涉及体液免疫系统的肠道-大脑轴功能障碍的可能病因。
肠道微生物群已被确定为个体内部最高生物变异性的主要来源，它还提供持续的抗原刺激，塑造生理免疫反应。此外，已经在微生物蛋白（包括肠道微生物群）和参与调节动机行为和情绪的几个关键神经肽之间显示出分子模拟性。已经在人类中鉴定出与这些神经肽反应的免疫球蛋白，并且它们的水平或亲和力与包括焦虑、抑郁、饮食和睡眠障碍在内的神经精神疾病相关。
交叉反应性免疫球蛋白可能与微生物序列和神经肽结合，从而在肠道和大脑之间构成一种特殊的信号传递方式。这种联系的改变可能会导致几种神经精神疾病，强调了营养在影响肠道内容物和肠道通透性的其他因素中的关键作用。
