Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(16):16762-16780. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05052-x. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of soil application of manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide in remediation of soil polluted with cobalt (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg Co kg of soil). The following were determined: weight of harvested plants as well as the content of cobalt in grain, straw, and roots of oat. In addition, tolerance index (Ti), cobalt bioconcentration (BCF), translocation (TF), and transfer (TFr) coefficients were derived. In the series without amendments, the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots. Also, lower tolerance index values were noted in the objects polluted with cobalt, especially with its highest dose. The application of manure had the strongest effect on increasing the mass of particular organs of the test plant, while the application of charcoal led to a significant decrease in this respect. The application of all substances to the soil, and especially manure and calcium oxide, resulted in higher tolerance index Ti values. The growing contamination of soil with cobalt caused a significant increase in the content of this element in oat and in the values of the translocation coefficient, in contrast to the effects noted with respect to the bioconcentration and transfer coefficients. All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw, in opposition to grain and roots, limited its translocation, but elevated the transfer of this element from soil to plants. Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in straw, as well as cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese in oat roots. As the cobalt dose increased, the content of other trace elements in oat organs either decreased or did not show any unambiguous changes. Of all the tested substances, the strongest influence on the content of trace elements was produced by calcium oxide in straw and roots and by zeolite in roots, whereas the weakest effect was generated by manure in oat grain. Oat is not the best plant for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cobalt.
本研究的目的是确定施用有机肥、粘土、木炭、沸石和氧化钙对污染土壤（0、20、40、80、160、320 mg Co kg 土壤）中钴的修复效果。测定了收获植物的重量以及谷物、秸秆和燕麦根中钴的含量。此外，还推导了耐受指数（Ti）、钴生物浓缩系数（BCF）、迁移系数（TF）和转移系数（TFr）。在未添加改良剂的系列中，随着钴剂量的增加，显著降低了燕麦谷物和秸秆的产量以及根的质量。此外，在受钴污染的物体中，尤其是在钴最高剂量的情况下，记录到较低的耐受指数值。有机肥的应用对增加试验植物各器官的质量有最强的影响，而木炭的应用在这方面导致显著降低。所有物质在土壤中的应用，特别是有机肥和氧化钙，导致更高的耐受指数 Ti 值。土壤中钴的不断污染导致燕麦中钴含量的显著增加，以及迁移系数值的增加，而与生物浓缩和转移系数的影响相反。所有施用于土壤的物质都降低了钴在燕麦秸秆中的含量和生物浓缩，而在谷物和根中则相反，限制了其迁移，但提高了土壤中元素向植物的转移。土壤中钴的污染促进了谷物中铅和铜、秸秆中镉、铅、镍、锌、锰和铁以及燕麦根中镉、镍、锌和锰的积累。随着钴剂量的增加，燕麦器官中其他微量元素的含量要么减少，要么没有显示出任何明确的变化。在所有测试的物质中，氧化钙对秸秆和根中微量元素的含量以及沸石对根中微量元素的含量影响最大，而有机肥对燕麦谷物中微量元素的含量影响最小。燕麦不是污染土壤钴植物修复的最佳植物。
