College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(17):17045-17054. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05061-w. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Water stress due to climate change is an emerging threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity in the arid regions of the world which will impact the future food security. In this scenario, the investigations are needed to check the feasibility of alternate sources of irrigation water to fulfill the irrigation demands of the crops in the arid regions. This 2-year study was aimed to investigate the influence of three irrigation sources (sewage water, canal water, and underground water) on the productivity of 10 wheat cultivars under an arid climate of Layyah, Pakistan. The results indicated that the number of fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield varied from 114 to 168 m, 34.8 to 53.3, 33.4 to 38.4 g, and 2.68 to 4.05 Mg ha, respectively in various wheat cultivars. The highest fertile tillers (168 m) were recorded in cultivar Gold-2016 followed by Aas-2011 (155 cm), AARI-2011 (153 m), and Ujala-2016 (150 m). The highest 1000-grain weight of 38.4 g was recorded in cultivar NARC-2016. The grains per spike (53.3) were the highest in cultivar Ujala-2016. The grain yields were the highest in cultivars Ujala-2016 (4.05 Mg ha) and Gold-2016 (3.91 Mg ha). The highest grain yield of 3.71 Mg ha was recorded with sewage water irrigation against the grain yield of 3.18 and 2.91 Mg ha in canal and underground water irrigation, respectively. There existed a strong co-relation of fertile tillers and grains per spike with the grain yield of wheat. Application of sewage water also enhanced the total nitrogen, extractable potassium, and available phosphorous in soil. In crux, the cultivation of recently bread wheat cultivars (viz. Ujala-2016, Gold-2016) and the irrigation of field with sewage water in the absence of canal water might be a viable option to boost wheat productivity under arid regions. A range of genetic variability existed for different traits in the cultivars; therefore, these can be used to breed wheat cultivars to be used for sewage water cultivation.
气候变化导致的水资源短缺是全球干旱地区小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生产力面临的一个新威胁，这将影响未来的粮食安全。在这种情况下，需要研究替代灌溉水源的可行性，以满足干旱地区作物的灌溉需求。本研究旨在调查 3 种灌溉水源（污水、运河水和地下水）对巴基斯坦拉耶赫干旱气候下 10 个小麦品种生产力的影响。结果表明，不同小麦品种的有效分蘖数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别为 114-168 m、34.8-53.3、33.4-38.4 g 和 2.68-4.05 Mg/ha。品种 Gold-2016 的有效分蘖数最高（168 m），其次是 Aas-2011（155 cm）、AARI-2011（153 m）和 Ujala-2016（150 m）。NARC-2016 的千粒重最高，为 38.4 g。Ujala-2016 的每穗粒数最高，为 53.3 粒。Ujala-2016 和 Gold-2016 的产量最高，分别为 4.05 Mg/ha 和 3.91 Mg/ha。污水灌溉的产量最高，为 3.71 Mg/ha，而运河水和地下水灌溉的产量分别为 3.18 和 2.91 Mg/ha。有效分蘖数和每穗粒数与小麦产量呈强正相关。污水的施用还增加了土壤中的全氮、可提取钾和有效磷。总之，在没有运河水的情况下，种植最近培育的面包小麦品种（如 Ujala-2016、Gold-2016）并用污水灌溉农田可能是提高干旱地区小麦生产力的可行选择。不同品种之间存在广泛的遗传变异，因此可以利用这些变异来培育用于污水灌溉的小麦品种。
