Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462038, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Feb;161(1-4):403-12. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-0756-5. Epub 2009 Feb 17.
In the peri-urban areas of central India, sewage water is a valuable resource for agricultural production. In this study, impact of domestic sewage water irrigation for 5 years on Vertisol with no previous history of sewage irrigation was investigated in an ongoing field experiment at Bhopal (India) under subtropical monsoon type climate. The wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop was grown during post-rainy winter season with 30 cm of irrigation (groundwater or sewage water) and four nutrient treatments (T(1), 0; T(2), 100%; T(3), 50%; and T(4), 50% of general recommended doses of NPK + FYM at 10 Mg/ha). Results showed that sewage irrigation of about 150 cm over a period of 5 years resulted significant increases in salinity as well as available fractions of N, P, K, and micronutrients, viz., Zn, Fe, and Mn in soils. Carbon and phosphorus applied through sewage water were accumulated more in subsoil layer compared to topmost plough layer. Soil microbiological activity, as indicated by soil respiration, microbial biomass C, as well as dehydrogenase enzyme activity was higher in sewage water-irrigated soils. There was also significant increase in fungal and actinomycetes as well as total coliform population in such soils. Nutrients supplied through sewage water were not able to raise the productivity of wheat to the level that obtained through fertilizers at the recommended level which indicated that additional nutrients through fertilizers are required to obtain higher productivity of wheat under sewage farming. Protein and Zn content in wheat grains were more when the crop was grown with sewage irrigation. Overall results show that except for increase in coliform population, short duration (5 years) of municipal sewage water irrigation did not have any appreciable harmful effect on soil quality as well as crop productivity; rather, it proved beneficial in improving soil fertility, wheat productivity, and produce quality.
在印度中部的城市周边地区，污水是农业生产的宝贵资源。在印度博帕尔的一项正在进行的田间实验中，研究了在没有污水灌溉历史的变性土上，5 年来用生活污水灌溉对亚热带季风气候的影响。在雨季过后的冬季，用 30 厘米的灌溉水（地下水或污水）和 4 种养分处理（T(1)，0；T(2)，100%；T(3)，50%；和 T(4)，用 10 Mg/ha 的 FYM 补充推荐剂量的 NPK 的 50%）种植冬小麦。结果表明，5 年来，污水灌溉量约为 150cm，导致土壤中盐分以及氮、磷、钾和微量元素（锌、铁和锰）的有效部分显著增加。通过污水施用的碳和磷在亚表层积累较多，而在最上层耕作层积累较少。土壤微生物活性，如土壤呼吸、微生物生物量 C 和脱氢酶活性，在污水灌溉土壤中较高。在这些土壤中，真菌和放线菌以及总大肠菌群的数量也显著增加。污水中提供的养分无法使小麦的生产力提高到推荐施肥水平下所获得的水平，这表明在污水农业下，需要额外的肥料来提高小麦的生产力。当作物用污水灌溉时，小麦籽粒中的蛋白质和锌含量更高。总体结果表明，除了大肠菌群数量增加外，市政污水灌溉的短期（5 年）时间对土壤质量和作物生产力没有任何明显的有害影响，反而有利于提高土壤肥力、小麦生产力和农产品质量。
