Nadeau Hugh C G, Edwards Rodney K
Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Dec;62(4):771-780. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000455.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Adoption of screening for maternal genital tract colonization and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced early-onset neonatal GBS infections. For women with an allergy to penicillin, recommended agents for prophylaxis have been well-outlined, but compliance with guideline recommendations is poor. There have been ongoing efforts in vaccine development, but no vaccination currently is available for either preconception or antenatal administration. This article will review established screening techniques, intrapartum antibiotic prophylactic regimens, and management specifically of the penicillin-allergic pregnant woman who is colonized with GBS.
B族链球菌(GBS)感染仍然是新生儿发病和死亡的一个重要原因。采用对产妇生殖道定植情况进行筛查和产时抗生素预防措施已显著降低了早发型新生儿GBS感染。对于对青霉素过敏的女性,预防性使用的推荐药物已有明确说明,但对指南建议的依从性较差。疫苗研发工作一直在进行,但目前尚无用于孕前或产前接种的疫苗。本文将综述既定的筛查技术、产时抗生素预防方案,以及对定植有GBS的青霉素过敏孕妇的具体管理。