Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2019 Jun;8(2):83-91. doi: 10.1007/s13668-019-0276-z.
Dietary obesity is primarily attributed to an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Adherence to lifestyle interventions reducing weight is typically low. As a result, obesity becomes a chronic state with increased co-morbidities such as insulin resistance and diabetes. We review the effects of brain insulin action and dopaminergic signal transmission on food intake, reward, and mood as well as potential modulations of these systems to counteract the obesity epidemic.
Central insulin and dopamine action are interlinked and impact on food intake, reward, and mood. Brain insulin resistance causes hyperphagia, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior and compromises the dopaminergic system. Such effects can induce reduced compliance to medical treatment. Insulin receptor sensitization and dopamine receptor agonists show attenuation of obesity and improvement of mental health in rodents and humans. Modulating brain insulin and dopamine signaling in obese patients can potentially improve therapeutic outcomes.
饮食性肥胖主要归因于食物摄入和能量消耗之间的失衡。坚持减轻体重的生活方式干预通常效果不佳。因此，肥胖成为一种慢性状态，伴随着胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病等并发症的增加。我们综述了大脑胰岛素作用和多巴胺信号传递对食物摄入、奖励和情绪的影响，以及这些系统的潜在调节作用，以对抗肥胖流行。
中枢胰岛素和多巴胺作用相互关联，影响食物摄入、奖励和情绪。大脑胰岛素抵抗导致食欲过盛、焦虑和抑郁样行为，并损害多巴胺系统。这些影响可能导致对医疗治疗的依从性降低。胰岛素受体敏化和多巴胺受体激动剂在啮齿动物和人类中显示出肥胖的减轻和心理健康的改善。调节肥胖患者的大脑胰岛素和多巴胺信号可能潜在地改善治疗效果。
