College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jul;227:570-579. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.091. Epub 2019 Apr 13.
In this study, the acute and subchronic toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazole bromide ionic liquids (ILs) [Cmim]Br (n = 2, 4, 6, 10, 12) was evaluated utilizing earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as a basis for their impact on terrestrial ecosystems. The filter paper tests and artificial soil tests were conducted as acute toxicity tests to investigate the LC of ILs, while in subchronic toxicity tests, earthworms were exposed to ILs in artificial soil (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg) for 28 d. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, detoxifying enzymes and oxidative damage were measured to determine subchronic effects of ILs on E. fetida. The results showed that when the earthworms were exposed to these five ILs in acute toxicity experiments, [Cmim]Br had the lowest toxicity, as the alkyl length increased, the toxicity increased up to [Cmim]Br: a "cut-off effect" (decreased toxicity) was observed at [Cmim]Br. The results highlight the varying toxicity of ILs with different alkyl chains to E. fetida and provide valuable data for detailing the impact of ILs on ecological receptors.
本研究采用赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）作为模式生物，评估了 1-烷基-3-甲基溴化咪唑离子液体（ILs）[Cmim]Br（n=2、4、6、10、12）的急性和亚慢性毒性，以评估其对陆地生态系统的影响。采用滤纸法和人工土壤法进行急性毒性试验，以研究 ILs 的 LC 值，而在亚慢性毒性试验中，赤子爱胜蚓在人工土壤（5、10、20 和 40mg/kg）中暴露于 ILs 28d。测定了活性氧（ROS）、抗氧化酶、解毒酶和氧化损伤，以确定 ILs 对赤子爱胜蚓的亚慢性影响。结果表明，在急性毒性试验中，当蚯蚓暴露于这五种 ILs 时，[Cmim]Br 的毒性最低，随着烷基长度的增加，毒性增加，直至[Cmim]Br：在[Cmim]Br 处观察到“截断效应”（毒性降低）。研究结果强调了不同烷基链 ILs 对赤子爱胜蚓的不同毒性，为详细描述 ILs 对生态受体的影响提供了有价值的数据。
