Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Drive, Centennial Building, 5th Floor, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Drive, Centennial Building, 5th Floor, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Jun;33(2):399-445. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.011.
Bacteremia (bloodstream infection) is frequent (20%-30% incidence) in the stem cell transplant and hematologic malignancy population and often occurs in the early post-transplant engraftment period. In most studies, Gram-positive bacteria occur at greater frequency than gram-negative bacteria, although some centers report that rates of gram-negative bloodstream infections have recently increased. In many centers, resistance rates among Enterococci and gram-negative bacteria, especially the Enterobacteriaceae, are extensive and associated with increased mortality. Better prediction tools, enhanced infection control, and new anti-infective agents hold promise for the treatment of highly resistant pathogens in this population.
菌血症（血流感染）在干细胞移植和血液恶性肿瘤患者中很常见（发生率为 20%-30%），通常发生在移植后早期植入期。在大多数研究中，革兰氏阳性菌的发生率高于革兰氏阴性菌，尽管一些中心报告称，革兰氏阴性菌血流感染的发生率最近有所增加。在许多中心，肠球菌和革兰氏阴性菌（尤其是肠杆菌科）的耐药率很高，与死亡率增加有关。更好的预测工具、加强感染控制以及新型抗感染药物有望治疗该人群中的高度耐药病原体。
