Fırat University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 23279 Elazığ, Turkey.
J Hazard Mater. 2019 Jul 15;374:238-247. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.042. Epub 2019 Apr 13.
Alkaline potassium compounds such as KCO and KOH are chemical activators used to produce activated carbons (ACs). The substance, known as wine stone or cream of tartar and formed in wine fermentation tanks during wine production from grape juice concentrates, consists of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHCHO). Highly porous carbons with various textural characteristics were obtained from organic wine stone subjected to simple heat-treatment. This procedure is a one-step carbonization treatment performed at different carbonization temperatures (400 and 900 °C) and times (15 and 360 min), and nitrogen flow rates (100 and 600 ml/min). The chemical and physical properties of AC were examined using SEM-EDX, FT-IR analysis, particle size distribution, iodine number, pHpzc, BET surface area, surface functional group analysis by the Boehm's titration. BET surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter, iodine number, pHzpc and carbon content were 1814.6 m g, 0.7767 cm g, 18.2 Å, 1986.4 mg g, 6.18 and 92.96%, respectively. Pore size, surface area and pore volume increased with an increase in carbonization temperature, and AC surface had high porosity and acidic functional groups. A promising approach focusing on the use of potassium-enriched properties of wine stone for easy and environmentally friendly production of activated carbons is emphasized.
碱性钾化合物，如 KCO 和 KOH，是用于生产活性炭 (AC) 的化学活化剂。这种物质被称为酒石或酒石酸氢钾，是在葡萄汁浓缩物生产葡萄酒的过程中在葡萄酒发酵罐中形成的，由酒石酸氢钾 (KHCHO) 组成。通过对有机葡萄酒石进行简单的热处理，可以获得具有各种结构特征的高多孔性碳。该方法是在不同碳化温度（400 和 900°C）和时间（15 和 360 分钟）以及氮气流量（100 和 600 ml/min）下进行的一步碳化处理。使用 SEM-EDX、FT-IR 分析、粒度分布、碘值、pHpzc、BET 表面积、通过 Boehm 滴定法进行表面官能团分析来检查 AC 的化学和物理性质。BET 表面积、总孔体积、平均孔径、碘值、pHzpc 和碳含量分别为 1814.6 m²/g、0.7767 cm³/g、18.2 Å、1986.4 mg/g、6.18 和 92.96%。随着碳化温度的升高，孔径、表面积和孔体积增加，AC 表面具有高孔隙率和酸性官能团。强调了一种有前途的方法，该方法侧重于利用葡萄酒石的富钾特性，以简单、环保的方式生产活性炭。
