Redmann Alexandra, FitzPatrick Ian, Indefrey Peter
Abteilung für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Institut für Sprache und Information, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Abteilung für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Institut für Sprache und Information, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 May;196:96-108. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.005. Epub 2019 Apr 18.
In our interactions with people and objects in the world around us, as well as in communicating our thoughts, we rely on the use of conceptual knowledge stored in long-term memory. From a frame-theoretic point of view, a concept is represented by a central node and recursive attribute-value structures further specifying the concept. The present study explores whether and how the activation of an attribute within a frame might influence access to the concept's name in language production, focussing on the colour attribute. Colour has been shown to contribute to object recognition, naming, and memory retrieval, and there is evidence that colour plays a different role in naming objects that have a typical colour (high colour-diagnostic objects such as tomatoes) than in naming objects without a typical colour (low colour-diagnostic objects such as bicycles). We report two behavioural experiments designed to reveal potential effects of the activation of an object's typical colour on naming the object in a picture-word interference paradigm. This paradigm was used to investigate whether naming is facilitated when typical colours are presented alongside the to-be-named picture (e.g., the word "red" superimposed on the picture of a tomato), compared to atypical colours (such as "brown"), unrelated adjectives (such as "fast"), or random letter strings. To further explore the time course of these potential effects, the words were presented at different time points relative to the to-be-named picture (Exp. 1: -400 ms, Exp. 2: -200 ms, 0 ms, and + 200 ms). By including both high and low colour-diagnostic objects, it was possible to explore whether the activation of a colour differentially affects naming of objects that have a strong association with a typical colour. The results showed that (pre-)activation of the appropriate colour attribute facilitated naming compared to an inappropriate colour. This was only the case for objects closely connected with a typical colour. Consequences of these findings for frame-theoretic accounts of conceptual representation are discussed.
在我们与周围世界中的人和物体进行互动以及交流思想时，我们依赖于存储在长期记忆中的概念性知识。从框架理论的角度来看，一个概念由一个中心节点和进一步细化该概念的递归属性 - 值结构来表示。本研究探讨框架内一个属性的激活是否以及如何影响语言产生过程中对概念名称的提取，重点关注颜色属性。研究表明，颜色有助于物体识别、命名和记忆检索，并且有证据表明，颜色在命名具有典型颜色的物体（如西红柿等颜色诊断性高的物体）时所起的作用，与命名没有典型颜色的物体（如自行车等颜色诊断性低的物体）时不同。我们报告了两项行为实验，旨在揭示物体典型颜色的激活对图片 - 单词干扰范式中物体命名的潜在影响。该范式用于研究当典型颜色与待命名图片同时呈现时（例如，单词“红色”叠加在西红柿图片上），与非典型颜色（如“棕色”）、无关形容词（如“快速的”）或随机字母串相比，命名是否更容易。为了进一步探究这些潜在影响的时间进程，单词在相对于待命名图片的不同时间点呈现（实验1： - 400毫秒，实验2： - 200毫秒、0毫秒和 + 200毫秒）。通过纳入颜色诊断性高和低的物体，有可能探究颜色的激活是否对与典型颜色有强关联的物体的命名产生不同影响。结果表明，与不适当的颜色相比，适当颜色属性的（预）激活促进了命名。这种情况仅适用于与典型颜色紧密相关的物体。我们讨论了这些发现对概念表征的框架理论解释的影响。
