Vitkovitch Melanie, Cooper Elisa
School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2012;65(6):1229-40. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.655699. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
A related word prime has been found to interfere with picture naming after unrelated intervening trials (word-to-picture interference). Recently, Stroop-type picture-word interference effects have been interpreted in terms of a postlexical response exclusion process rather than a competitive lexical selection process. An experiment is reported that examines whether word-to-picture effects could reflect response exclusion mechanisms and, more generally, strategic processing of the word prime. Forty-eight volunteer university students named aloud sequences of semantically related (and unrelated) word primes and picture targets, separated by two unrelated filler stimuli. On half of the trials, participants were asked to count backwards in threes from a random number presented immediately after naming the prime word. They were also given a surprise recall test at the end of the naming block. Results for naming times and errors indicated a main effect of relatedness; semantic interference effects were not dependent on the unfilled gap following the word prime trial and were also not tied to episodic recall of prime words. The data indicate that slowed picture naming times are more likely to emerge from processes intrinsic to word prime naming rather than controlled processing and do not readily fit the postlexical response exclusion account. The results are considered in relation to two recent accounts of interference over unrelated trials, which refer to some form of competition at, or prior to, lexical access.
人们发现，一个相关词“prime”在经过无关的中间试验（词对图片干扰）后会干扰图片命名。最近，斯特鲁普式的图片-单词干扰效应已根据词汇后反应排除过程而非竞争性词汇选择过程来解释。本文报告了一项实验，该实验考察了词对图片效应是否能反映反应排除机制，更广泛地说，是否能反映词“prime”的策略性加工。48名志愿大学生大声说出语义相关（和不相关）的词“prime”和图片目标的序列，中间由两个不相关的填充刺激隔开。在一半的试验中，要求参与者在说出“prime”词后立即从呈现的一个随机数开始倒着数三。在命名环节结束时，他们还接受了一次突击回忆测试。命名时间和错误的结果表明了相关性的主效应；语义干扰效应不依赖于词“prime”试验后的未填充间隙，也与“prime”词的情景回忆无关。数据表明，图片命名时间变慢更可能源于词“prime”命名本身的过程，而非控制性加工，并且不太符合词汇后反应排除的解释。本文结合最近关于无关试验干扰的两种解释来考虑这些结果，这两种解释涉及词汇通达时或之前的某种形式的竞争。
