Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Seeburgstrasse 14-20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2011 May;37(3):649-60. doi: 10.1037/a0022330.
In 3 picture-word interference experiments, speakers named a target object in the presence of an unrelated not-to-be-named context object. Distractor words, which were phonologically related or unrelated to the context object's name, were used to determine whether the context object had become phonologically activated. All objects had high frequency names, and the ease of processing of these objects was manipulated by a visual degradation technique. In Experiment 1, both objects were nondegraded; in Experiment 2, both objects were degraded; and in Experiment 3, either the target object or the context object was degraded. Distractor words, which were phonologically related to the context objects, interfered with the naming response when both objects were nondegraded, indicating that the context objects had become phonologically coactivated. The effect vanished when both objects were degraded, when only the context object was degraded, and when only the target object was degraded. These data demonstrate that the amount of available processing resources constrains the forward cascading of activation in the conceptual-lexical system. Context objects are likely to become phonologically coactivated if they are easily retrieved and if prioritized target processing leaves sufficient resources.
在 3 个图片-单词干扰实验中，说话者在存在不相关的不应命名的上下文对象的情况下命名目标对象。使用与上下文对象的名称在语音上相关或不相关的干扰词来确定上下文对象是否已被语音激活。所有对象都有高频名称，并且这些对象的处理容易度通过视觉降级技术进行操纵。在实验 1 中，两个对象都未降级；在实验 2 中，两个对象都降级；在实验 3 中，要么目标对象要么上下文对象降级。与上下文对象在语音上相关的干扰词在两个对象都未降级时会干扰命名反应，这表明上下文对象已在语音上共同激活。当两个对象都降级时，当只有上下文对象降级时，以及当只有目标对象降级时，这种效果消失了。这些数据表明，可用处理资源的数量限制了概念-词汇系统中激活的前向级联。如果上下文对象易于检索并且优先处理目标对象留下足够的资源，则它们很可能会在语音上共同激活。
