Kendler Kenneth S, Aggen Steven H, Gillespie Nathan, Czajkowski Nikolai, Ystrom Eivind, Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,Richmond, VA,USA.
Department of Mental Disorders,Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2019 Apr;22(2):108-113. doi: 10.1017/thg.2019.9. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
While snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Panel were assessed by self-report questionnaire for the initiation of regular use and maximal quantity used for snus and cigarettes. Twin modeling was performed using OpenMx on data from 2767 twins including 856 complete pairs. Fitting univariate twin models produced similar results for cigarette initiation and quantity with estimates of additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental effects of approximately 77%, 0% and 23%, respectively. Estimates of snus initiation and quantity were, respectively, approximately 53%, 26% and 21%. Joint analyses suggested that the genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental correlations between cigarette and snus initiation and quantity were +.82, 0 and +.42, respectively. However, these results could not be statistically distinguished from a model which postulated that resemblance between cigarette initiation and quantity resulted from genetic and unique environmental correlations of +.47 and +.43. Compared with cigarette initiation and quantity of use in Norwegian twins, the role of genes was less prominent and shared environment more prominent for initiation and quantity of use of snus. Joint analyses of both tobacco phenotypes suggested, but did not confirm definitively, that genetic risk factors for cigarette and snus use were similar but not identical, while shared environmental factors existed that were specific to snus use.
虽然口含烟越来越受到公众健康关注，但双胞胎研究既未考察口含烟使用个体差异的来源，也未考察口含烟与香烟使用之间相似性的来源。来自挪威公共卫生研究所双胞胎队列的双胞胎通过自填问卷评估口含烟和香烟的定期使用起始情况以及使用的最大量。使用OpenMx软件对来自2767对双胞胎（包括856对完整双胞胎）的数据进行双胞胎建模。单变量双胞胎模型拟合结果显示，香烟使用起始和使用量方面，加性遗传效应、共同环境效应和独特环境效应的估计值分别约为77%、0%和23%。口含烟使用起始和使用量的估计值分别约为53%、26%和21%。联合分析表明，香烟和口含烟使用起始及使用量之间的遗传、共同环境和独特环境相关性分别为 +.82、0和 +.42。然而，这些结果与一个假设模型在统计学上无法区分，该假设模型认为香烟使用起始和使用量之间的相似性源于遗传和独特环境相关性分别为 +.47和 +.43。与挪威双胞胎的香烟使用起始和使用量相比，基因在口含烟使用起始和使用量方面的作用不那么突出，共同环境的作用更突出。两种烟草表型的联合分析表明，但未明确证实，香烟和口含烟使用的遗传风险因素相似但不完全相同，同时存在特定于口含烟使用的共同环境因素。
