Sourabié Aboubacar, Mandiki Syaghalirwa N M, Geay Florian, Ahoulé Ange G, Naert Nathan, Toguyeni Aboubacar, Kestemont Patrick
University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE), Institute of Rural Development (IDR), University Nazi Boni of Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
Lipids. 2019 May;54(5):329-345. doi: 10.1002/lipd.12145. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
The main objective of this study was to determine the best vegetable oils (VO) for nutrition of African catfish by assessing the effects of a complete replacement of fish oil (FO) by different VO sources on its growth performance, fatty acid composition, and elongase-desaturase gene expression levels. Fish (16.2 g of initial body weight) were fed with five experimental isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic diets in which FO was totally replaced by cottonseed oil (CO), palm oil (PO), desert date oil (DO), or Shea butter (SB). Complete replacement of FO with VO did not affect growth performance except for low values in fish fed SB diet. Muscle n-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly reduced in fish fed VO-based diets when compared with FO fed fish. However, the muscle arachidinic acid (ARA) levels in phospholipid class were 1.4 to 1.6 times higher in fish fed CO and DO diets than FO fed fish despite the lower ARA suppliers from these VO-based diets, suggesting endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis from PUFA precursors in fish fed these VO. The fads2 and elovl5 gene expression levels in liver of fish fed DO were also higher compared to FO controls. Therefore, all the results support the hypothesis that African catfish has higher biosynthesis capacity to convert vegetable n-6 PUFA precursors like linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n-6) into n-6 LC-PUFA of the ARA type, compared to the conversion of vegetable α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) into n-3 LC-PUFA of the eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) or docosahexanoic acid (DHA) type. The results also indicate that DO can be recommended as the best alternative to FO replacement in African catfish nutrition.
本研究的主要目的是通过评估用不同植物油源完全替代鱼油对非洲鲶鱼生长性能、脂肪酸组成和延长酶-去饱和酶基因表达水平的影响，来确定最适合非洲鲶鱼营养的植物油。将初始体重为16.2克的鱼投喂五种等氮、等脂和等能量的实验饲料，其中鱼油分别被棉籽油（CO）、棕榈油（PO）、海枣油（DO）或乳木果油（SB）完全替代。用植物油完全替代鱼油对生长性能没有影响，但投喂SB饲料的鱼生长性能值较低。与投喂鱼油的鱼相比，投喂以植物油为基础饲料的鱼肌肉中的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）显著降低。然而，尽管这些以植物油为基础的饲料中花生四烯酸（ARA）的供应较低，但投喂CO和DO饲料的鱼磷脂类中的肌肉花生四烯酸水平比投喂鱼油的鱼高1.4至1.6倍，这表明投喂这些植物油饲料的鱼体内可从PUFA前体进行内源性长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成。与鱼油对照组相比，投喂DO饲料的鱼肝脏中fads2和elovl5基因表达水平也更高。因此，所有结果都支持这样的假设，即与将植物α-亚麻酸（ALA，18:3n-3）转化为二十碳五烯酸（EPA）或二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）类型的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸相比，非洲鲶鱼将植物n-6多不饱和脂肪酸前体如亚油酸（LNA，18:2n-6）转化为ARA类型的n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成能力更高。结果还表明，在非洲鲶鱼营养中，海枣油可被推荐为替代鱼油的最佳选择。
