Chaturvedi Anubhav, Ray Maharshi, Veynar Ryszard, Pawłowski Marcin
1Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, National Quantum Information Centre, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
2Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032 India.
Quantum Inf Process. 2018;17(6):131. doi: 10.1007/s11128-018-1892-z. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
While fully device-independent security in (BB84-like) prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (QKD) is impossible, it can be guaranteed against individual attacks in a semi-device-independent (SDI) scenario, wherein no assumptions are made on the characteristics of the hardware used except for an upper bound on the dimension of the communicated system. Studying security under such minimal assumptions is especially relevant in the context of the recent attacks wherein the eavesdroppers can not only construct the devices used by the communicating parties but are also able to remotely alter their behavior. In this work, we study the security of a SDIQKD protocol based on the prepare-and-measure quantum implementation of a well-known cryptographic primitive, the random access code (RAC). We consider imperfect detectors and establish the critical values of the security parameters (the observed success probability of the RAC and the detection efficiency) required for guaranteeing security against eavesdroppers with and without quantum memory. Furthermore, we suggest a minimal characterization of the preparation device in order to lower the requirements for establishing a secure key.
虽然在（类似BB84的）制备与测量量子密钥分发（QKD）中完全与设备无关的安全性是不可能的，但在半设备无关（SDI）场景中可以保证抵御个体攻击，在该场景中，除了对通信系统维度的上限外，不对所使用硬件的特性做任何假设。在最近的攻击背景下，研究在如此最小假设下的安全性尤为重要，在这些攻击中，窃听者不仅可以构建通信方使用的设备，还能够远程改变其行为。在这项工作中，我们基于一种著名的密码原语——随机访问码（RAC）的制备与测量量子实现，研究了一种SDIQKD协议的安全性。我们考虑了不完美探测器，并确定了针对有无量子存储器的窃听者保证安全性所需的安全参数（RAC的观测成功概率和探测效率）的临界值。此外，我们提出了制备设备的最小特征描述，以降低建立安全密钥的要求。
