Department of Philosophy, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2020 Mar;27(2):289-301. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1607820. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
Aging is often accompanied by associative memory changes, although their precise nature remains unclear. This study examines how recognition of item position in the context of associative memory differs between younger and older adults. Participants studied word pairs (A-B, C-D) and were later tested with intact (A-B), reversed (D-C), recombined (A-D), and recombined and reversed (B-C) pairs. When participants were instructed to respond "Old" to both intact and reversed pairs, and "New" to recombined, and recombined and reversed pairs, older adults showed worse recognition for recombined and reversed pairs relative to younger adults (Experiment 1). This finding also emerged when flexible retrieval demands were increased by asking participants to respond "Old" to intact pairs (Experiment 2). These results suggest that as conditions for flexible retrieval become more demanding, older adults may show worse recognition in associative memory tasks relative to younger adults.
衰老通常伴随着联想记忆的变化，尽管其确切性质尚不清楚。本研究考察了在联想记忆背景下，年轻人和老年人对项目位置的识别有何不同。参与者学习了单词对（A-B，C-D），然后用完整的（A-B）、反转的（D-C）、重组的（A-D）和重组并反转的（B-C）进行测试。当参与者被指示对完整和反转的单词对回答“旧”，对重组和重组并反转的单词对回答“新”时，与年轻人相比，老年人对重组和反转的单词对的识别能力更差（实验 1）。当通过要求参与者对完整的单词对回答“旧”来增加灵活检索的需求时，也出现了这一发现（实验 2）。这些结果表明，随着灵活检索的条件变得更加苛刻，与年轻人相比，老年人在联想记忆任务中的识别能力可能更差。
