Philpott Stacy M, Albuquerque Simone, Bichier Peter, Cohen Hamutahl, Egerer Monika H, Kirk Claire, Will Kipling W
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95062, USA.
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95062, USA.
Insects. 2019 Apr 19;10(4):112. doi: 10.3390/insects10040112.
Urban ecosystems, as mosaics of residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural land, present challenges for species survival due to impervious surface, degradation, fragmentation, and modification of natural habitat, pollution, and introduced species. Some urban habitats, such as community gardens, support biodiversity and promote ecosystem services. In gardens, local factors (e.g., vegetation, groundcover) and landscape surroundings (e.g., agriculture, built or impervious cover) may influence species abundance, richness, and functional traits that are present. We examined which local and landscape factors within 19 community gardens in the California central coast influence ground beetle (Carabidae) activity density, species richness, functional group richness, and functional traits-body size, wing morphology, and dispersal ability. Gardens with higher crop richness and that are surrounded by agricultural land had greater carabid activity density, while species and functional group richness did not respond to any local or landscape factor. Gardens with more leaf litter had lower carabid activity, and gardens with more leaf litter tended to have more larger carabids. Changes in local (floral abundance, ground cover) and landscape (urban land cover) factors also influenced the distribution of individuals with certain wing morphology and body size traits. Thus, both local and landscape factors influence the taxonomic and functional traits of carabid communities, with potential implications for pest control services that are provided by carabids.
城市生态系统作为住宅、工业、商业和农业用地的镶嵌体，由于不透水表面、自然栖息地的退化、破碎化和改造、污染以及外来物种的引入，给物种生存带来了挑战。一些城市栖息地，如社区花园，支持生物多样性并促进生态系统服务。在花园中，局部因素（如植被、地被植物）和景观环境（如农业、建筑或不透水覆盖物）可能会影响现存物种的丰度、丰富度和功能性状。我们研究了加利福尼亚中央海岸19个社区花园中的哪些局部和景观因素会影响步甲（步甲科）的活动密度、物种丰富度、功能群丰富度以及功能性状——体型、翅形态和扩散能力。作物丰富度较高且被农业用地环绕的花园，步甲的活动密度更大，而物种和功能群丰富度对任何局部或景观因素均无响应。落叶较多的花园，步甲的活动较少，且落叶较多的花园往往有更多体型较大的步甲。局部因素（花卉丰度、地被植物）和景观因素（城市土地覆盖）的变化也影响了具有特定翅形态和体型性状个体的分布。因此，局部和景观因素都会影响步甲群落的分类学和功能性状，这可能会对步甲提供的害虫控制服务产生影响。
