Lieberman Marion, Lohmander Anette, Gustavsson Lisa
Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
Functional Area Speech & Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.
Clin Linguist Phon. 2019;33(10-11):1050-1062. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1602848. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
Parental responsive behaviour in communication has a positive effect on child speech and language development. Absence of canonical babbling (CB) in 10-month-old infants is considered a risk factor for developmental difficulties, yet little is known about parental responsiveness in this group of children. The purpose of the current study was to examine proportion and type of parental responsive utterances after CB and vocalization utterances respectively in a clinical group of children with otitis media with effusion, with or without cleft palate. Audio-video recordings of interactions in free play situations with 22 parents and their 10-month-old infants were used, where 15 infants had reached the CB stage and 7 infants had not. Fifty consecutive child utterances were annotated and categorized as vocalization utterance or CB utterance. The parent's following contingent response was annotated and labelled as acknowledgements, follow-in comments, imitations/expansions or directives. The Average intra-judge agreement was 90%, and the average inter-judger agreement was 84%. There was no significant difference in proportion contingent responses after vocalizations and CB, neither when considering all child utterances nor the child's babbling stage. However, imitations/expansions tended to be more common after CB in the typical babbling group, whereas acknowledgements were more common after CB in the late babbling group. Our findings imply that responsiveness is a supportive strategy that is not fully used by parents of children with late babbling. Implications for further research as well as parent-directed intervention for children in clinical groups with late babbling are suggested.
父母在交流中的回应行为对儿童言语和语言发展具有积极影响。10个月大婴儿缺乏典型牙牙学语（CB）被认为是发育困难的一个风险因素，但对于这组儿童中父母的回应情况却知之甚少。本研究的目的是分别检查患有中耳积液且有或无腭裂的临床组儿童在典型牙牙学语和发声话语之后父母回应话语的比例和类型。使用了22对父母及其10个月大婴儿在自由玩耍情境中互动的音频视频记录，其中15名婴儿已达到典型牙牙学语阶段，7名婴儿未达到。连续50句儿童话语被标注并分类为发声话语或典型牙牙学语话语。父母随后的相应回应被标注并标记为认可、跟进评论、模仿/扩展或指令。评判者内部平均一致性为90%，评判者之间平均一致性为84%。在发声和典型牙牙学语之后的相应回应比例上没有显著差异，无论是考虑所有儿童话语还是儿童的牙牙学语阶段。然而，在典型牙牙学语组中，模仿/扩展在典型牙牙学语之后往往更常见，而在晚期牙牙学语组中，认可在典型牙牙学语之后更常见。我们的研究结果表明，回应是一种支持性策略，但晚期牙牙学语儿童的父母并未充分利用。文中还提出了对进一步研究的启示以及针对晚期牙牙学语临床组儿童的家长指导干预措施。
