中国三级医院医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率及相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal disorders among Chinese healthcare professionals working in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Dong Hongyun, Zhang Qiong, Liu Guangzeng, Shao Tingguo, Xu Yingzhi
机构信息
Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 45 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China.
出版信息
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 Apr 23;20(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2557-5.
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent in working populations and could result in a number of detrimental consequences. In China, healthcare professionals (HCP) in large hospitals may be likely to suffer from MSDs considering the facts of shortages in medical staff, the large Chinese population base, the aging of the population and patients' inclination to go to large hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with MSDs among HCP working in tertiary hospitals.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was conducted among 14,720 HCP in eight tertiary hospitals selected by random cluster sampling in Shandong, China. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association of psychological, ergonomic, organizational and individual factors with MSDs.
RESULTS
The 12-month period prevalence rate of experiencing an MSD in at least one body region for at least 24 h, experiencing an MSD for at least three months, and seeking health care for this condition were 91.2, 17.1 and 68.3%, respectively; these rates were highest for the lower back (72.8, 14.3, 60.3%) and knees (65.7, 8.1, 46.7%), followed by the shoulders (52.1, 6.2, 38.9%), neck (47.6, 4.8, 32.6%), wrists/hands (31.1, 3.2, 23.1%), ankles/feet (23.6, 1.9, 13.4%), upper back, hips/thighs and elbows. MSDs were associated with workload (work hours per week, break times during workday), psychological factors (psychological fatigue, mental stress), employment status and ergonomic factors. Regarding the ergonomic factors, lower back MSDs were associated with bending the trunk frequently, heavy or awkward lifting, and bending or twisting the neck; knee MSDs were associated with walking or standing for long periods of time; and shoulder MSDs were associated with maintaining shoulder abduction for long periods of time and bending or twisting the neck.
CONCLUSIONS
MSDs among HCP in tertiary hospitals in Mainland China were highly prevalent. The many factors listed above should be considered in the prevention of MSDs in HCP.
背景
肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）在劳动人口中普遍存在，并可能导致许多有害后果。在中国，考虑到医务人员短缺、庞大的人口基数、人口老龄化以及患者倾向于前往大型医院等因素，大型医院的医护人员可能更容易患上肌肉骨骼疾病。本研究旨在确定三级医院医护人员中肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率及其相关因素。
方法
在中国山东，通过随机整群抽样选取了8家三级医院的14720名医护人员，采用一份包含北欧肌肉骨骼问卷和荷兰肌肉骨骼问卷的自填式问卷进行调查。使用多变量逻辑回归分析来量化心理、人体工程学、组织和个人因素与肌肉骨骼疾病之间的关联。
结果
在至少一个身体部位经历至少24小时的肌肉骨骼疾病、经历至少三个月的肌肉骨骼疾病以及为此寻求医疗护理的12个月期间患病率分别为91.2%、17.1%和68.3%；这些患病率在下背部（72.8%、14.3%、60.3%）和膝盖（65.7%、8.1%、46.7%）最高，其次是肩膀（52.1%、6.2%、38.9%）、颈部（47.6%、4.8%、32.6%）、手腕/手部（31.1%、3.2%、23.1%）、脚踝/足部（23.6%、1.9%、13.4%）、上背部、臀部/大腿和肘部。肌肉骨骼疾病与工作量（每周工作小时数、工作日休息时间）、心理因素（心理疲劳、精神压力）、就业状况和人体工程学因素有关。关于人体工程学因素，下背部肌肉骨骼疾病与频繁弯腰、重物或笨拙的提举以及颈部弯曲或扭转有关；膝盖肌肉骨骼疾病与长时间行走或站立有关；肩膀肌肉骨骼疾病与长时间保持肩部外展以及颈部弯曲或扭转有关。
结论
中国大陆三级医院医护人员中的肌肉骨骼疾病非常普遍。在预防医护人员的肌肉骨骼疾病时应考虑上述诸多因素。
Zotero 插件