Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
National Center of Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
BMJ Open. 2022 Feb 2;12(2):e054969. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054969.
To survey the prevalence of lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Chinese manufacturing workers, and to identify the associated factors.
Observational study with cross-sectional design.
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in four manufacturing factories in China.
7908 manufacturing workers were included in this study after excluding non-conforming personnel.
Individual and work-related information, and MSDs in the whole leg and knee region were measured by the anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Individual and work-related factors associated with MSDs and their effects were identified through multivariate logistic regression.
Of all respondents, 3241 (41.0%) reported having had lower extremity MSDs in the recent 12 months, and for the knees, ankles/feet and hips/thighs were 29.5%, 23.9% and 16.7%, respectively. After confounder-adjusted single-factor analysis, 22 variables (of 24) were significantly related to the disorders. Factors like always kneeling/squatting for long periods, always standing for long periods and often lifting in an uncomfortable position were shown to have higher risks, with ORs of 2.77 (95% CI: 2.33 to 3.30), 2.30 (1.96 to 2.69) and 2.25 (2.04 to 2.47). Comparable results were found on knee disorders. The final model included 15 variables of demography, biomechanics and work organisation. The following factors showed increased risks of lower extremity MSDs: being female, being older, longer working years, higher body mass index (BMI), keeping the same posture for a long time, awkward position, shift work and monotonous work. Whereas having enough breaks reduced the risk.
The prevalence of lower extremity MSDs among Chinese manufacturing workers is high. The most commonly affected body regions were the knees and ankles/feet. Multiple factors were found associated with lower extremity MSDs including age, BMI, work experience, work organisations, physical ergonomics exposures, etc.
调查中国制造业工人下肢肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的患病率，并确定相关因素。
横断面观察研究。
在中国的四家制造工厂进行了一项自我管理问卷调查。
在排除不合格人员后，本研究纳入了 7908 名制造业工人。
所有受访者中，3241 人（41.0%）报告在最近 12 个月内患有下肢 MSD，其中膝盖、脚踝/脚和臀部/大腿的患病率分别为 29.5%、23.9%和 16.7%。经过多因素逻辑回归分析，对混杂因素进行调整后，有 22 个变量（24 个中的 22 个）与疾病显著相关。例如，经常长时间跪着/蹲着、经常长时间站立和经常以不舒服的姿势举重等因素显示出更高的风险，其比值比（OR）分别为 2.77（95%置信区间[CI]：2.33 至 3.30）、2.30（1.96 至 2.69）和 2.25（2.04 至 2.47）。在膝关节疾病中也发现了类似的结果。最终模型包括人口统计学、生物力学和工作组织的 15 个变量。以下因素显示下肢 MSD 的风险增加：女性、年龄较大、工作年限较长、体重指数（BMI）较高、长时间保持同一姿势、别扭姿势、轮班工作和单调工作。而有足够的休息时间则降低了风险。
中国制造业工人下肢 MSD 的患病率较高。最常受影响的身体部位是膝盖和脚踝/脚。发现多个因素与下肢 MSD 相关，包括年龄、BMI、工作经验、工作组织、物理人体工程学暴露等。
