National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2019 Mar 31;8(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40249-019-0535-7.
Control of snail intermediate hosts has been proved to be a fast and efficient approach for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis. Some plant extracts have shown obvious molluscicidal activity, and a new compound Luo-Wei, also named tea-seed distilled saponin (TDS), was developed based on the saponins extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds. We aimed to test the molluscicidal activity of 4% TDS against the intermediate host snails in China and Egypt, and evaluate its environmental safety to non-target organisms.
In the laboratory, Oncomelania hupensis, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus were exposed to 4% TDS, and the median lethal concentration (LC) was estimated at 24, 48 and 72 h. In the field, snail mortalities were assessed 1, 2, 3 and 7 d post-immersion with 2.5 g/m 4% TDS and 1, 3, 7 and 15 d post-spraying with 5 g/m 4% TDS. In addition, the acute toxicity of 4% TDS to Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) was assessed by estimations of LC or median lethal dose (LD).
In the laboratory, the LC values of 4% TDS for O. hupensis were 0.701, 0.371 and 0.33 mg/L at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, and 4% TDS showed a 1.975 mg/L [corrected] 24 h LC against B. alexandrina, and a 1.396 mg/L 24 h LC against B. truncatus. Across all study regions, the pooled mortalities of O. hupensis were 72, 86, 94 and 98% at 1, 2, 3 and 7 d, following field immersion of 4% TDS at a dose of 2.5 g/m, and were 69, 77, 85 and 88% at 1, 3, 7 and 15 d, following field spraying at 5 g/m, respectively. 4% TDS had moderate toxicity to Japanese quail (7 d LD > 60 mg/kg) and to shrimp (96 h LC = 6.28 mg/L; 95% CI: 3.53-11.2 mg/L), whereas its toxicity to zebrafish was high (96 h LC = 0.15 mg/L; 95% CI: 0.14-0.17 mg/L).
4% TDS is active against O. hupensis, B. alexandrina and B. truncatus under laboratory and field conditions, and it may be a candidate molluscicide of plant origin.
控制中间宿主钉螺已被证明是阻断血吸虫病传播的一种快速有效的方法。一些植物提取物表现出明显的杀螺活性，一种新的化合物罗威，也被称为茶籽蒸馏皂素（TDS），是基于从油茶种子中提取的皂素开发的。我们旨在测试 4% TDS 对中国和埃及中间宿主钉螺的杀螺活性，并评估其对非靶标生物的环境安全性。
在实验室中，用 4% TDS 处理湖北钉螺、埃及萝卜螺和光滑萝卜螺，分别在 24、48 和 72 小时估计半致死浓度（LC）。在现场，用 2.5 g/m 4% TDS 浸泡 1、2、3 和 7 天，用 5 g/m 4% TDS 喷雾 1、3、7 和 15 天，评估钉螺死亡率。此外，通过测定 LC 或半数致死剂量（LD），评估 4% TDS 对日本鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）、斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio）和淡水虾（Macrobrachium nipponense）的急性毒性。
在实验室中，4% TDS 对湖北钉螺的 LC 值分别为 0.701、0.371 和 0.33mg/L，在 24、48 和 72 小时；4% TDS 对埃及萝卜螺的 24 小时 LC 值为 1.975mg/L[校正]，对光滑萝卜螺的 24 小时 LC 值为 1.396mg/L。在所有研究区域，用 2.5 g/m 剂量浸泡 4% TDS 后，湖北钉螺的死亡率在 1、2、3 和 7 天分别为 72%、86%、94%和 98%，用 5 g/m 剂量喷雾后，死亡率在 1、3、7 和 15 天分别为 69%、77%、85%和 88%。4% TDS 对日本鹌鹑（7 天 LD>60mg/kg）和虾（96 小时 LC=6.28mg/L；95%CI：3.53-11.2mg/L）具有中等毒性，而对斑马鱼的毒性较高（96 小时 LC=0.15mg/L；95%CI：0.14-0.17mg/L）。
4% TDS 在实验室和现场条件下对湖北钉螺、埃及萝卜螺和光滑萝卜螺均有活性，可能是一种植物来源的杀螺候选药物。
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