Portillo José Thales da Motta, Ouchi-Melo Lilian Sayuri, Crivellari Lucas Batista, de Oliveira Thiago Alves Lopes, Sawaya Ricardo J, Duarte Leandro da Silva
Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São José do Rio Preto Brazil.
Department of Biology, City College of New York City University of New York New York New York.
Ecol Evol. 2019 Mar 14;9(7):3909-3917. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5019. eCollection 2019 Apr.
The Theory of Island Biogeography posits that ecological and evolutionary processes regulate species richness of isolated areas. We assessed the influences of an island area and distance from the mainland on species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic composition of snakes on coastal islands.
Coastal islands of the megadiverse Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.
We compiled the species composition of 17 coastal islands in southeastern Brazil. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity were calculated for each island. Phylogenetic composition was measured using principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure. We then employed generalized linear models to test the influence of area and distance from the mainland on the diversity metrics.
We found a prominent influence of area on species richness, whereas phylogenetic diversity was more affected by distance from the mainland. Snake clades were distinctly associated with area and distance. The Boidae family was associated with nearer and larger islands, whereas Elapidae was broadly distributed. Distance from the mainland was associated with the distribution of Dipsadidae, whereas Colubridae was influenced by both the area and distance. The Viperidae family attained higher values of phylogenetic diversity in smaller and more remote islands.
This island system conserved a considerable piece of snake richness from southeastern Brazil, including island endemic species. Area and distance from the mainland were important drivers of snake diversity in the Atlantic Forest coastal islands. However, these predictors affected the different components of diversity in different ways. Phylogenetic composition analysis enables us to understand how basal nodes contributed to high levels of phylogenetic diversity on smaller and farther islands regardless of the decrease in species richness.
岛屿生物地理学理论认为，生态和进化过程调节着孤立区域的物种丰富度。我们评估了岛屿面积和与大陆的距离对巴西东南部沿海岛屿蛇类物种丰富度、系统发育多样性和系统发育组成的影响。
巴西东南部生物多样性丰富的大西洋森林的沿海岛屿。
我们汇总了巴西东南部17个沿海岛屿的物种组成。计算每个岛屿的物种丰富度和系统发育多样性。使用系统发育结构的主坐标来测量系统发育组成。然后，我们采用广义线性模型来检验面积和与大陆的距离对多样性指标的影响。
我们发现面积对物种丰富度有显著影响，而系统发育多样性受与大陆距离的影响更大。蛇类分支与面积和距离有明显关联。蚺科与较近且较大的岛屿相关，而眼镜蛇科分布广泛。与大陆的距离与游蛇科的分布有关，而游蛇科受面积和距离的共同影响。蝰蛇科在较小且更偏远的岛屿上系统发育多样性值更高。
这个岛屿系统保存了巴西东南部相当一部分蛇类丰富度，包括岛屿特有物种。面积和与大陆的距离是大西洋森林沿海岛屿蛇类多样性的重要驱动因素。然而，这些预测因子以不同方式影响多样性的不同组成部分。系统发育组成分析使我们能够理解，无论物种丰富度如何降低，基部节点如何在较小且更远的岛屿上促成高水平的系统发育多样性。
