Xi Zhang, Peng Jiang, Ruo-Dan Liu, Shao-Rong Long, Jing Cui, Zhong-Quan Wang
Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2019 Mar 16;31(1):86-93. doi: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2018300.
and are three causative agents of human thelaziasis. Most of the reported cases were caused by , occurring in the old world, particularly in Asian and European countries. and have rarely been reported infecting humans in North America. has long been called the oriental eye worm, referring to its traditional distribution across eastern and southeastern Asia (i.e., China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, and India) where infection is endemic in animals and humans, usually in poorer rural areas and mainly among children and the elderly. The identification of the parasite was mainly based on the characteristics of oral and genital organs. In Asia and Europe, vectors for this nematode are male and drosophilids respectively, which feed on ocular secretions of hosts and transmit infective stage larvae to domestic and wild carnivores, lagomorphs, and humans. China probably has the largest number of cases with thelaziasis in the world, and lots of cases have been existed in other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea. Although a few of human cases have been reported, there were high infection rates of wild animals and domesticated dogs and cats in most of European countries. Based on the 1 gene, a total of 21 haplotypes were identified in the samples from worldwide, in which, one circulated only in European countries (h1), while the other 20 haplotypes were distributed in Korea, Japan and China. In general, the Chinese clinical isolates of expressed high genetic diversity. The population differences between Europe and Asian countries were greater than those among China, Korea and Japan. The populations from Europe and Asia should be divided into two separate sub-populations. These two groups started to diverge during the middle Pleistocene.
和是人类结膜吸吮线虫的三种病原体。报告的大多数病例由引起，发生在东半球，特别是亚洲和欧洲国家。和在北美很少有感染人类的报道。长期以来一直被称为东方眼虫，这是指其在东亚和东南亚（即中国、韩国、日本、印度尼西亚、泰国和印度）的传统分布，在这些地区动物和人类中感染呈地方性流行，通常在较贫困的农村地区，主要是儿童和老年人中。该寄生虫的鉴定主要基于口腔和生殖器官的特征。在亚洲和欧洲，这种线虫的传播媒介分别是雄性和果蝇，它们以宿主的眼部分泌物为食，并将感染期幼虫传播给家养和野生食肉动物、兔形目动物及人类。中国可能是世界上结膜吸吮线虫病例最多的国家，在日本和韩国等其他亚洲国家也存在大量病例。虽然报告了一些人类病例，但在大多数欧洲国家野生动物以及家养犬猫的感染率很高。基于1基因，在来自世界各地的样本中总共鉴定出21种单倍型，其中一种仅在欧洲国家传播（h1），而其他20种单倍型分布在韩国、日本和中国。总体而言，中国结膜吸吮线虫的临床分离株表现出高度的遗传多样性。欧洲和亚洲国家之间的种群差异大于中国、韩国和日本之间的差异。来自欧洲和亚洲的种群应分为两个独立的亚群。这两个群体在中更新世期间开始分化。
