原发性 B 淋巴细胞感染 EBV 过程中基因表达的 RNA 测序分析。
RNA Sequencing Analyses of Gene Expression during Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Primary B Lymphocytes.
机构信息
Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
出版信息
J Virol. 2019 Jun 14;93(13). doi: 10.1128/JVI.00226-19. Print 2019 Jul 1.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human primary resting B lymphocytes (RBLs) leads to the establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) that can grow indefinitely EBV transforms RBLs through the expression of viral latency genes, and these genes alter host transcription programs. To globally measure the transcriptome changes during EBV transformation, primary human resting B lymphocytes (RBLs) were infected with B95.8 EBV for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, and poly(A) plus RNAs were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) found 3,669 protein-coding genes that were differentially expressed (false-discovery rate [FDR] < 0.01). Ninety-four percent of LCL genes that are essential for LCL growth and survival were differentially expressed. Pathway analyses identified a significant enrichment of pathways involved in cell proliferation, DNA repair, metabolism, and antiviral responses. RNA-seq also identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) differentially expressed during EBV infection. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) found that CYTOR and NORAD lncRNAs were important for LCL growth. During EBV infection, type III EBV latency genes were expressed rapidly after infection. Immediately after LCL establishment, EBV lytic genes were also expressed in LCLs, and ∼4% of the LCLs express gp350. Chromatin immune precipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and POLR2A chromatin interaction analysis followed by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) data linked EBV enhancers to 90% of EBV-regulated genes. Many genes were linked to enhancers occupied by multiple EBNAs or NF-κB subunits. Incorporating these assays, we generated a comprehensive EBV regulome in LCLs. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalization of resting B lymphocytes (RBLs) is a useful model system to study EBV oncogenesis. By incorporating transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immune precipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), chromatin interaction analysis followed by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen, we identified key pathways that EBV usurps to enable B cell growth and transformation. Multiple layers of regulation could be achieved by cooperations between multiple EBV transcription factors binding to the same enhancers. EBV manipulated the expression of most cell genes essential for lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) growth and survival. In addition to proteins, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulated by EBV also contributed to LCL growth and survival. The data presented in this paper not only allowed us to further define the molecular pathogenesis of EBV but also serve as a useful resource to the EBV research community.
人类静止 B 淋巴细胞(RBL)中 Epstein-Barr 病毒(EBV)的感染导致淋巴母细胞系(LCL)的建立,这些细胞可以无限期生长。EBV 通过表达病毒潜伏基因转化 RBL,这些基因改变宿主转录程序。为了全面测量 EBV 转化过程中的转录组变化,将原发性人静止 B 淋巴细胞(RBL)用 B95.8 EBV 感染 0、2、4、7、14、21 和 28 天,并用转录组测序(RNA-seq)分析多聚(A)加 RNA。方差分析(ANOVA)发现有 3669 个差异表达的蛋白编码基因(错误发现率[FDR] < 0.01)。94%的对 LCL 生长和存活至关重要的 LCL 基因差异表达。途径分析确定了参与细胞增殖、DNA 修复、代谢和抗病毒反应的途径的显著富集。RNA-seq 还鉴定了 EBV 感染期间差异表达的长非编码 RNA(lncRNA)。成簇规律间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)干扰(CRISPRi)和 CRISPR 激活(CRISPRa)发现 CYTOR 和 NORAD lncRNA 对 LCL 生长很重要。在 EBV 感染期间,III 型 EBV 潜伏基因在感染后迅速表达。在 LCL 建立后,LCL 中也立即表达 EBV 裂解基因,约 4%的 LCL 表达 gp350。染色质免疫沉淀 followed by deep sequencing(ChIP-seq)和 POLR2A chromatin interaction analysis followed by paired-end tag sequencing(ChIA-PET)数据分析将 EBV 增强子与 90%的 EBV 调节基因联系起来。许多基因与多个 EBNA 或 NF-κB 亚基占据的增强子有关。通过整合这些检测,我们在 LCL 中生成了一个全面的 EBV 调节组。静止 B 淋巴细胞(RBL)的 Epstein-Barr 病毒(EBV)永生化是研究 EBV 致癌作用的有用模型系统。通过整合转录组测序(RNA-seq)、染色质免疫沉淀 followed by deep sequencing(ChIP-seq)、染色质相互作用分析 followed by paired-end tag sequencing(ChIA-PET)和全基因组成簇规律间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)筛选,我们确定了 EBV 用来使 B 细胞生长和转化的关键途径。多个 EBV 转录因子结合到相同的增强子上的合作可以实现多层调节。EBV 操纵了大多数对淋巴母细胞系(LCL)生长和存活至关重要的细胞基因的表达。除了蛋白质外,由 EBV 调节的长非编码 RNA(lncRNA)也有助于 LCL 的生长和存活。本文中提供的数据不仅使我们能够进一步定义 EBV 的分子发病机制,而且还为 EBV 研究界提供了一个有用的资源。
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