Kim Rockli, Pathak Praveen Kumar, Xu Yun, Joe William, Kumar Alok, Venkataramanan R, Subramanian S V
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Health Place. 2019 May;57:92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.005. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
Child sex ratio (CSR) is a marker of disproportionate sex ratio at birth and discriminatory practices that lead to differential survival in early childhood by sex. We used the 2011 Census on rural India to present the first local analysis of CSR across 587,043 villages. In our multilevel analysis considering villages, tehsils, districts, and states/union territories, we found 96% of the total variation in CSR to be attributed to villages. About 39% of the villages were 'boy' areas (CSR≤88 girls per 100 boys) and another 12% had deficits in girls (88 < CSR≤93), while 11% fell in the normal range of CSR (93<CSR≤98), another 10% had 98 < CSR≤103, and the remaining 28% were 'girl' villages (CSR>103). The magnitude of local variation in CSR was heterogeneous across states/union territories and districts. Our findings provide timely evidence to inform localized programmes like Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao to be implemented with greater precision.
儿童性别比（CSR）是出生时性别比例失衡以及导致幼儿期按性别差异存活的歧视性做法的一个指标。我们利用2011年印度农村人口普查数据，对587,043个村庄的儿童性别比进行了首次局部分析。在考虑村庄、县、区以及邦/中央直辖区的多层次分析中，我们发现儿童性别比总变异的96%可归因于村庄。约39%的村庄是“男孩”地区（儿童性别比≤每100名男孩对应88名女孩），另有12%的村庄女孩数量不足（88＜儿童性别比≤93），而11%处于儿童性别比的正常范围（93＜儿童性别比≤98），还有10%的村庄儿童性别比为98＜儿童性别比≤103，其余28%是“女孩”村庄（儿童性别比＞103）。儿童性别比的局部变异程度在邦/中央直辖区和区之间存在差异。我们的研究结果及时提供了证据，以便更精准地实施像“拯救女孩，教育女孩”这样的本地化项目。
