中国中部一工业区细颗粒和粗颗粒中重金属的特征及风险评估。
Characteristics and risk assessments of heavy metals in fine and coarse particles in an industrial area of central China.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
出版信息
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Sep 15;179:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.024. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
In order to investigate the pollution level and chemical form transformation characteristics of heavy metals, atmospheric fine particles and coarse particles were collected in an urban industrial area of Zhuzhou City in central China during winter and summer. The results indicated that PM and PM all showed similar time variation, with the highest concentration in winter (112.1 μg/m, 210.3 μg/m) and the lowest concentration in summer (44.4 μg/m, 81.0 μg/m), respectively. As for heavy metals carried by atmospheric particles, only Cu had similar time variation with particle concentration and was mainly in oxidisable fraction. Zn, Pb and Cd were chiefly distributed in acid-extractable fraction, and Zhuzhou City was extremely polluted by these three heavy metals which mainly came from Qingshui Pond Industrial Area. Moreover, risk assessment results indicated that this area had high ecological risks on the environment and potential non-carcinogenic health effects and low carcinogenic risk to human health, especially for children. In addition, leaching test of atmospheric particles showed that the releasing of heavy metals in simulated acid rain primarily came from acid-extractable fraction, especially in winter, and the chemical form transformation followed a pattern of from stable state to unstable state after dissolving by acid rain.
为了研究重金属的污染水平和化学形态转化特征，本研究于冬季和夏季在华中地区株洲市的城市工业区采集了大气细颗粒物（PM）和粗颗粒物（PM）。结果表明，PM 和 PM 均表现出相似的时间变化规律，冬季浓度最高（112.1μg/m³，210.3μg/m³），夏季浓度最低（44.4μg/m³，81.0μg/m³）。对于大气颗粒物携带的重金属，只有 Cu 与颗粒物浓度具有相似的时间变化规律，主要以可氧化态形式存在。Zn、Pb 和 Cd 主要分布在酸可提取态，株洲市这三种重金属污染极为严重，主要来源于清水塘工业区。此外，风险评估结果表明，该地区对环境具有高生态风险和潜在的非致癌健康影响，对人体健康（尤其是儿童）具有低致癌风险。另外，大气颗粒物的浸出实验表明，模拟酸雨条件下重金属的释放主要来自酸可提取态，尤其是在冬季，化学形态转化遵循由稳定态向不稳定态溶解的模式。
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