Zhang Xin, Zhao Xiao-Man, Meng Xue-Jie, Wang Xiao-Ying, Yang Shuai, Xu Xiao-Peng, Wang Shu-Ting, Gu Chao, Wang Meng-Lei, Ren Hao, Zhang Zi-Yang, Yan Guang-Xuan, Cao Zhi-Guo, Wang Yue-Si
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Mar 8;39(3):997-1003. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201705137.
Under a condition of good air quality (AQI:55-90, PM:37-97 μg·m, PM:17-76 μg·m), six groups of 54 samples were collected using an Andersen cascade impactor from both the indoor and outdoor stations in Beijing and Xinxiang from June to August in 2016. The samples were digested by microwave digestion, and nine heavy metal elements (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Mn, and Co) in the atmospheric particles were determined with an inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the enrichment index (0-3) of most elements were low in both cities except for Cd[15.0 (Beijing) and 8.47 (Xinxiang)]. Cr, Co, Cu, and Mn in the atmospheric particles from Beijing park, Cd, Pb, and Mn in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office, Cr, Co, Ni, and As in the atmospheric particles from Xinxiang park, and all nine heavy metal elements in the atmospheric particles from roads in both cities were found to be more concentrated in the coarse fractions; however, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and As in the atmospheric particles from Beijing park, Co, Zn, Ni, Cr, As, and Cu in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Mn in the atmospheric particles from Xinxiang park, and all nine metal elements in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office showed the opposite pattern. The result of a human health risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic risk of the five carcinogenic elements were all less than 10, but a lower potential cancer risk would also occur under long term exposure. For the four non-carcinogenic elements (Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cu), the non-carcinogenic health risk values of Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cu in the atmospheric particulates in Beijing were all far less than 1, which means the corresponding non-carcinogenic risk was negligible; and, except for Mn, there was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk from Pb, Zn, and Cu in the atmospheric particles of Xinxiang.
在空气质量良好的条件下（空气质量指数：55 - 90，细颗粒物：37 - 97微克·立方米，可吸入颗粒物：17 - 76微克·立方米），2016年6月至8月期间，使用安德森级联撞击器从北京和新乡的室内和室外监测站采集了6组共54个样本。样本经微波消解后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP - MS）测定大气颗粒物中的9种重金属元素（铅、铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、锰和钴）。结果表明，除镉外（北京为15.0，新乡为8.47），两个城市中大多数元素的富集指数（0 - 3）较低。发现北京公园大气颗粒物中的铬、钴、铜和锰，北京办公室大气颗粒物中的镉、铅和锰，新乡公园大气颗粒物中的铬、钴、镍和砷，以及两个城市道路大气颗粒物中的所有9种重金属元素在粗颗粒中更为富集；然而，北京公园大气颗粒物中的铅、锌、镉、镍和砷，北京办公室大气颗粒物中的钴、锌、镍、铬、砷和铜，新乡公园大气颗粒物中的铅、锌、镉、铜和锰，以及北京办公室大气颗粒物中的所有9种金属元素呈现相反的模式。人体健康风险评估结果表明，5种致癌元素的致癌风险均小于10，但长期接触仍会产生较低的潜在癌症风险。对于4种非致癌元素（铅、锌、锰和铜），北京大气颗粒物中铅、锌、锰和铜的非致癌健康风险值均远小于1，这意味着相应的非致癌风险可忽略不计；并且，除锰外，新乡大气颗粒物中铅、锌和铜没有明显的非致癌风险。
