Dowling David J
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Immunohorizons. 2018 Jul 2;2(6):185-197. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700063.
The need for new adjuvants is absolutely cardinal to the development of new vaccines and to further optimizing current immunization approaches. However, only a few classes of adjuvants are presently incorporated in vaccines approved for human use. Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants have begun to open up a new toolbox for vaccinologists. At the forefront of this movement is the use of synthetic small molecule TLR7/8 agonist-based adjuvants. In this review, we emphasize the importance of vaccine formulation science in driving recent developments in TLR7/8 adjuvanticity, summarize some of the most current and notable studies in this field, and discuss desirable attributes of next generation TLR7/8 adjuvants for use in enhancing vaccine responses in vulnerable populations, such as the very young. Finally, we explore advances that may further edge the development of TLR7/8 adjuvant-based vaccine formulations toward clinical human evaluation.
新型佐剂对于新型疫苗的研发以及进一步优化当前免疫方法而言至关重要。然而，目前获批用于人类的疫苗中仅纳入了几类佐剂。作为疫苗佐剂的Toll样受体（TLR）激动剂在发现和递送方面的最新进展已开始为疫苗学家打开一个新的工具箱。这一进展的前沿是基于合成小分子TLR7/8激动剂的佐剂的使用。在本综述中，我们强调疫苗制剂科学在推动TLR7/8佐剂活性的近期发展中的重要性，总结该领域一些最新且显著的研究，并讨论用于增强弱势群体（如幼儿）疫苗反应的下一代TLR7/8佐剂的理想特性。最后，我们探讨可能进一步推动基于TLR7/8佐剂的疫苗制剂向临床人体评估发展的进展。
