German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Science. 2019 Apr 26;364(6438). doi: 10.1126/science.aav5570.
The practice of rewilding has been both promoted and criticized in recent years. Benefits include flexibility to react to environmental change and the promotion of opportunities for society to reconnect with nature. Criticisms include the lack of a clear conceptualization of rewilding, insufficient knowledge about possible outcomes, and the perception that rewilding excludes people from landscapes. Here, we present a framework for rewilding that addresses these concerns. We suggest that rewilding efforts should target trophic complexity, natural disturbances, and dispersal as interacting processes that can improve ecosystem resilience and maintain biodiversity. We propose a structured approach to rewilding projects that includes assessment of the contributions of nature to people and the social-ecological constraints on restoration.
近年来，重新引入野生动物的实践既得到了提倡，也受到了批评。其好处包括灵活应对环境变化以及为社会提供重新与自然接触的机会。批评包括对重新引入野生动物缺乏明确的概念化、对可能结果的了解不足，以及认为重新引入野生动物会将人们排除在景观之外。在这里，我们提出了一个解决这些问题的重新引入野生动物框架。我们建议，重新引入野生动物的努力应该以营养复杂性、自然干扰和扩散为目标，这些是可以提高生态系统弹性和维持生物多样性的相互作用过程。我们提出了一种结构化的方法来开展重新引入野生动物项目，包括评估自然对人类的贡献以及恢复的社会-生态限制。
