Dahl K D, Czekala N M, Lim P, Hsueh A J
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Mar;64(3):486-93. doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-3-486.
A sensitive and specific in vitro granulosa cell aromatase bioassay was adapted to measure bioactive FSH (bio-FSH) levels in urine samples. Urinary levels of bio-FSH, immunoreactive LH, estrone conjugates, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) were measured in first morning urine samples during the menstrual cycle in six cycling women and four lowland gorillas. The cycle length of women was relatively constant [28 +/- 1 (+/- SD) days], but varied from 28-38 days for lowland gorillas; the length of the luteal phases was relatively constant for both. All subjects had a midcycle LH peak and a luteal phase elevation in PdG. In addition, urinary estrogen excretion displayed a midcycle elevation that preceded the LH peak and a luteal phase increase similar to that of PdG. The bio-FSH levels in urine of cycling women, although at almost 100-fold higher concentrations, exhibited a pattern that closely resembled that of serum bio-FSH levels reported earlier, with an early follicular phase rise and a midcycle peak. Statistical analysis indicated a highly significant correlation (r = 0.90) between serum and urinary bio-FSH levels during the human menstrual cycle and in women in several hypo- and hypergonadotropic states, including oral contraceptive pill users, hypothalamic amenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, and postmenopause. Although a midcycle bio-FSH surge was also detected in lowland gorillas, two peaks of bio-FSH levels were consistently found during the follicular phase. The late follicular phase increase in bio-FSH levels was presumably involved in follicle selection and preceded the midcycle FSH peak by about 6 days, whereas the timing of the early follicular phase peak was variable, suggesting the involvement of complex regulatory mechanisms. These findings suggest that measurement of urinary bio-FSH levels in humans reflects serum bio-FSH in subjects in several physiological and pathological states. Studies of urinary bio-FSH levels in humans and nonhuman primates are useful in monitoring menstrual cycles, and the gorillas may be a model for understanding human reproductive cycles. The urinary granulosa cell aromatase bioassay should be useful for future assessment of bio-FSH levels in situations where serum measurements are impractical or in animal species for which specific FSH RIAs are not available.
一种灵敏且特异的体外颗粒细胞芳香化酶生物测定法被用于测量尿液样本中的生物活性促卵泡激素（bio-FSH）水平。在六个处于月经周期的女性和四只低地大猩猩的晨尿样本中，测量了生物活性促卵泡激素、免疫反应性促黄体生成素、雌酮结合物以及孕二醇-3-葡萄糖醛酸苷（PdG）的尿液水平。女性的月经周期长度相对恒定[28±1（±标准差）天]，但低地大猩猩的月经周期长度在28 - 38天之间变化；两者的黄体期长度相对恒定。所有受试者在月经周期中期都有促黄体生成素峰值，且黄体期PdG水平升高。此外，尿雌激素排泄在促黄体生成素峰值之前出现月经周期中期升高，且黄体期升高情况与PdG相似。处于月经周期的女性尿液中的生物活性促卵泡激素水平，尽管浓度几乎高出100倍，但呈现出与先前报道的血清生物活性促卵泡激素水平相似的模式，即卵泡早期升高和月经周期中期峰值。统计分析表明，在人类月经周期以及处于几种性腺功能减退和亢进状态的女性（包括口服避孕药使用者、下丘脑性闭经、卵巢早衰和绝经后女性）中，血清和尿液中的生物活性促卵泡激素水平之间存在高度显著的相关性（r = 0.90）。虽然在低地大猩猩中也检测到月经周期中期生物活性促卵泡激素激增，但在卵泡期始终发现生物活性促卵泡激素水平有两个峰值。卵泡晚期生物活性促卵泡激素水平的升高可能参与卵泡选择，且比月经周期中期促卵泡激素峰值提前约6天，而卵泡早期峰值的时间则不固定，这表明存在复杂的调节机制。这些发现表明，测量人类尿液中的生物活性促卵泡激素水平可反映多种生理和病理状态下受试者的血清生物活性促卵泡激素水平。对人类和非人类灵长类动物尿液中生物活性促卵泡激素水平的研究有助于监测月经周期，并且大猩猩可能是理解人类生殖周期的一个模型。尿液颗粒细胞芳香化酶生物测定法在血清测量不实用的情况下或在没有特定促卵泡激素放射免疫测定法的动物物种中，对于未来评估生物活性促卵泡激素水平应该是有用的。
