Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Biotechnology Program, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Jul 15;242:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.040. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
Due to the non-degradable nature of heavy metals (HMs), the industrial effluent, whether treated or untreated, carrying HMs, eventually end up into the water bodies, soil, and sediments. Numerous countermeasures were applied, but the use of ornamental plants for the stress mitigation associated with HMs on the environment is a neglected research domain. The composition of wastewater influences bioremediation strategies. As the wastewater is contaminated with multiple HMs, many lab studies, with the plants, failed in the industrial field. This work focuses on the potential of Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L. against multiple HMs contaminated synthetic wastewater. To improve plant tolerance, soil amendments (biochar, compost, and moss, each at 5% v/v in soil) were used, individually and in combination. After 6 weeks of the exposure, plant physiological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, as well as the distribution of HMs, (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in the plant (flower, leaves, root, and shoot) and soil, were measured. The HMs uptake positivity influenced the malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content and electrolyte leakage, while negatively to photosynthetic pigments, and resulted in increased catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, while reduced superoxide dismutase activity. It was found that all amendments improved the plant growth by metal stabilization, and best results were obtained with the combined application of biochar + compost + moss. So, HMs stabilization can be achieved by growing ornamental plants, like Nicotiana alata L. and Petunia hydrida L. along with soil amendments.
由于重金属 (HM) 的不可降解性质，无论是经过处理还是未经处理的工业废水，最终都会进入水体、土壤和沉积物中。人们采取了许多对策，但利用观赏植物来缓解与 HM 相关的环境压力是一个被忽视的研究领域。废水的成分会影响生物修复策略。由于废水中含有多种重金属，许多实验室研究都未能在工业领域得到应用。本研究重点关注了黄花烟草（Nicotiana alata L.）和矮牵牛（Petunia hydrida L.）对受多种重金属污染的合成废水的潜在应用。为了提高植物的耐受性，单独或组合使用了土壤改良剂（生物炭、堆肥和苔藓，每种物质在土壤中的体积比为 5%）。暴露 6 周后，测量了植物的生理、生化和酶学参数，以及重金属（Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Mn、Ni 和 Zn）在植物（花、叶、根和茎）和土壤中的分布情况。重金属的吸收阳性影响了丙二醛含量、过氧化氢含量和电解质泄漏，而对光合色素产生负面影响，导致过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性增加，而过氧化物歧化酶的活性降低。研究发现，所有的改良剂都通过金属稳定化来促进植物生长，其中生物炭+堆肥+苔藓的联合应用效果最好。因此，可以通过种植黄花烟草和矮牵牛等观赏植物并结合土壤改良剂来实现重金属的稳定化。
