正畸治疗对生活质量的心理影响——一项纵向研究。

Psychological impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life - A longitudinal study.

作者信息

Grewal Harpreet, Sapawat Pranav, Modi Palash, Aggarwal Sakshi

机构信息

Department of Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, 110095 Delhi, India.

Department of Dentistry, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, 110095 Delhi, India.

出版信息

Int Orthod. 2019 Jun;17(2):269-276. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

DOI:10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.009

PMID:31028017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

(1) To assess the psychosocial, functional and aesthetic changes in young adults pre- and post-orthodontic treatment. (2) To assess the changes in quality of life in individuals having malocclusion before and after orthodontic appliance therapy. (3) To evaluate the effect of severity of malocclusion pre- and post-orthodontic treatment on quality of life among males and females.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This longitudinal study included a convenience sample of 18.1 to 25.3-year-old young adults (n=400). The self-perception of dental aesthetics pre- and post-treatment related to gender variations and severity of malocclusion (Angle's class I, II, III) were also assessed using the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire with additions (PIDAQ) according to the needs of Indian ethnic group. Cronbach alpha of each domain at baseline score and Wilcoxon signed ranked test was carried out.

RESULTS

Statistically positive psychosocial impacts were observed after orthodontic treatment for the six PIDAQ domains (P<0.001 for all six domains). There was a similar influence of gender and severity on the improvement of scores over the period in all the domains though males showed the least psychological impact on matrimonial concerns both pre- and post-treatment. The severity of malocclusion showed a difference only in functional concerns. There was less improvement in class III malocclusion group as compared to class I and class II groups.

DISCUSSION

Orthodontic treatment has a positive psychological impact, as there was a significant improvement in self-esteem and social interaction of the individuals. Significant changes occurred in functional and aesthetic domain measures of quality of life in orthodontically treated cases. The severity of malocclusion has a negative impact on the quality of life and a significant improvement in the quality of life was observed before and after orthodontic treatment with no gender difference.

摘要

目的

（1）评估年轻成年人正畸治疗前后的心理社会、功能和美学变化。（2）评估错牙合畸形患者在正畸矫治器治疗前后的生活质量变化。（3）评估正畸治疗前后错牙合畸形严重程度对男性和女性生活质量的影响。

材料与方法

这项纵向研究纳入了一个便利样本，样本为18.1至25.3岁的年轻成年人（n = 400）。还根据印度族群的需求，使用牙科美学心理社会影响问卷增订版（PIDAQ）评估了治疗前后与性别差异和错牙合畸形严重程度（安氏I类、II类、III类）相关的牙齿美学自我认知。对每个领域的基线评分进行了克朗巴哈系数分析，并进行了威尔科克森符号秩检验。

结果

正畸治疗后，在PIDAQ的六个领域观察到统计学上积极的心理社会影响（所有六个领域P < 0.001）。在所有领域中，性别和严重程度对这段时间内分数改善的影响相似，尽管男性在治疗前后对婚姻问题的心理影响最小。错牙合畸形的严重程度仅在功能问题上存在差异。与I类和II类组相比，III类错牙合畸形组的改善较少。