Kosakai N, Kumamoto Y, Sakai S, Hirose T, Shigeta S, Shiraiwa Y, Miura Y, Ogata M, Tazaki H, Iri H
Jpn J Antibiot. 1986 Nov;39(11):2959-3006.
Our research group was engaged for 3 years (1979-1981) in a study on sensitivities to antibiotics of 4 bacterial groups including representative pathogenic bacteria found in cases of urinary tract infections; i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., and Proteus spp. Since 1982, all the bacterial strains isolated by our group from patients with urinary tract infections and deemed by doctors in charge as pathogens were sent to the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Juntendo University, where they were refixed and subjected to MIC determination. This is the third year of the new study. E. coli was detected most frequently from patients with urinary tract infections and the detection frequency was 28% (323/1,153) this year (1984), whereas it was 35.3% (304/860) last year, showing a 7% decline from last year to this year. E. faecalis was next frequent organism (12.7% or 147/1,153) followed by P. aeruginosa (10.8% or 124/1,153). This order, however, was reversed from last year. Other pathogens, in a decreasing order of isolation frequencies following the above three, were as follows: Proteus spp. (9.5% or 109/1,153), S. marcescens (6.2% or 71/1,153), S. epidermidis (5.4% or 62/1,153), K. pneumoniae (4.9% or 56/1,153), Enterobacter spp. (2.4% or 28/1,153) and Citrobacter spp. (2.3% or 27/1,153). The results of the determination of the sensitivity of bacterial strains to the antibiotics are described below. Of all the oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents used against E. coli, mecillinam (MPC), cefaclor (CCL) and pipemidic acid (PPA) proved to have high antibacterial potency, and their MIC90 (the concentration to inhibit growths of 90% of the objective bacteria) was 3.13 micrograms/ml. The MIC90's of cefotiam (CTM), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX) were less than 0.39 microgram/ml. The MIC90's of cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ) were invariably 1.56 micrograms/ml. K. pneumoniae was not sensitive to ampicillin (ABPC) and did not show much sensitivity to other oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents also. Of all the injectable preparations of antibiotics, cephem antibiotics of the third generation showed the most potent antibacterial effects against K. pneumoniae, and their MIC90's were lower than 0.10 microgram/ml for CZX, 0.20 microgram/ml for CTX, 0.39 microgram/ml for CMX, and 0.78 microgram/ml for LMOX, while MIC90's of CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml, which was equal to that of CMZ. The MIC90 of CTM was 0.78 microgram/ml which was identical to that of LMOX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
我们的研究小组在1979年至1981年期间，对包括尿路感染病例中发现的代表性病原菌在内的4类细菌对抗生素的敏感性进行了为期3年的研究，即大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属和变形杆菌属。自1982年以来，我们小组从尿路感染患者中分离出的所有细菌菌株，并被主管医生认定为病原体的，都被送往顺天堂大学临床病理实验室，在那里重新固定并进行最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定。这是新研究的第三年。今年（1984年），从尿路感染患者中检测到大肠杆菌的频率最高，为28%（323/1153），而去年为35.3%（304/860），较去年下降了7%。粪肠球菌是其次常见的细菌（12.7%或147/1153），其次是铜绿假单胞菌（10.8%或124/1153）。然而，这个顺序与去年相反。其他病原体按分离频率从高到低依次如下：变形杆菌属（9.5%或109/1153）、粘质沙雷氏菌（6.2%或71/1153）、表皮葡萄球菌（5.4%或62/1153）、肺炎克雷伯菌（4.9%或56/1153）、肠杆菌属（2.4%或28/1153）和柠檬酸杆菌属（2.3%或27/1153）。细菌菌株对抗生素敏感性的测定结果如下。在所有用于对抗大肠杆菌的口服抗菌和抗生素药物中，美西林（MPC）、头孢克洛（CCL）和吡哌酸（PPA）显示出较高的抗菌效力，其MIC90（抑制90%目标细菌生长的浓度）为3.13微克/毫升。头孢替安（CTM）、头孢噻肟（CTX）、头孢唑肟（CZX）、头孢甲肟（CMX）和拉氧头孢（LMOX）的MIC90小于0.39微克/毫升。头孢美唑（CMZ）和头孢哌酮（CPZ）的MIC90始终为1.56微克/毫升。肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林（ABPC）不敏感，对其他口服抗菌和抗生素药物也不太敏感。在所有注射用抗生素制剂中，第三代头孢菌素类抗生素对肺炎克雷伯菌显示出最有效的抗菌作用，其CZX的MIC90低于0.10微克/毫升，CTX为0.20微克/毫升，CMX为0.39微克/毫升，LMOX为0.78微克/毫升，而CPZ的MIC90为6.25微克/毫升，与CMZ相同。CTM的MIC90为0.78微克/毫升，与LMOX相同。（摘要截取自400字）
