Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil.
Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação - Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-000, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Apr 26;191(5):308. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7477-1.
Historically, the Brazilian coast has been impacted by urban, industrial, and port activities that have increased the input of chemical contaminants, such as heavy metals, to the ecosystem. The Paranaguá estuarine complex (PEC), Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoon complex (CIELC), and Santos-São Vicente estuarine complex (SSVEC) (S-SE Brazil) are surrounded by urbanized cities and port areas characterized by various anthropogenic discharges comprising several potential pollutants, including heavy metals. Concerns about such contamination are paramount because these estuaries are important for traditional fishing communities and are categorized as World Heritage sites and biodiversity hotspots by UNESCO. In this study, metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg) and metalloids (As and Se) known to affect the health of marine life were evaluated in regional fishes. Muscle and liver tissues from three demersal teleosts (Stellifer rastrifer, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, and Isopisthus parvipinnis) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with a coupled vapor generated accessory (VGA). Irrespective of species, metal bioconcentration was significantly greater in fishes from the PEC and CIELC, which had higher As, Cu, and Zn concentrations, while Se levels were higher in fish from the PEC and SSVEC estuaries. Seasonality, fish species and maturation stage affected the accumulation of metals. Some metal levels, including As, Cr, Pb, and Se in all species across all estuaries, and Zn in the PEC, exceeded the maximum permitted level for seafood and might present a risk for daily human consumption. The results provide reference points for existing chemical contamination and should be used to guide monitoring programs and the sustainable development of these coastal regions, within a broader objective of maintaining public health.
从历史上看，巴西沿海地区受到城市、工业和港口活动的影响，这些活动增加了化学污染物（如重金属）对生态系统的输入。帕拉纳瓜河口（PEC）、卡纳内亚-伊瓜佩河口-泻湖复合体（CIELC）和桑托斯-圣文森特河口复合体（SSVEC）（巴西东南部）被城市化城市和港口地区环绕，这些地区的各种人为排放物包括几种潜在的污染物，如重金属。人们对这种污染的担忧至关重要，因为这些河口对传统的渔业社区非常重要，被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产地和生物多样性热点。在这项研究中，评估了影响海洋生物健康的金属（Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn 和 Hg）和类金属（As 和 Se）在区域鱼类中的含量。采用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）和耦合蒸气发生附件（VGA）对三种底层硬骨鱼（Stellifer rastrifer、Paralonchurus brasiliensis 和 Isopisthus parvipinnis）的肌肉和肝脏组织进行了分析。无论物种如何，PEC 和 CIELC 鱼类的金属生物浓缩作用都明显更强，这些鱼类的 As、Cu 和 Zn 浓度更高，而 PEC 和 SSVEC 河口鱼类的 Se 水平更高。季节性、鱼类物种和成熟阶段影响金属的积累。在所有河口的所有物种中，包括 As、Cr、Pb 和 Se，以及 PEC 中的 Zn 水平都超过了海鲜的最高允许水平，可能对日常人类消费构成风险。这些结果为现有的化学污染提供了参考点，应作为指导这些沿海地区监测计划和可持续发展的依据，以维护公共健康为更广泛的目标。
