Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Jul;90:150-164. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ) is probably one of the most relevant cytokines orchestrating the immune response in vertebrates. Although the activities mediated by this molecule are well known in mammals, several aspects of the IFN-ϒ system in teleosts remain a riddle to scientists. Numerous studies support a potentially similar role of the fish IFN-ϒ signalling pathway in some well-described immunological processes induced by this cytokine in mammals. Nevertheless, the existence in some teleost species of duplicated ifng genes and an additional gene derived from ifng known as interferon-γ-related (ifngrel), among other things, raises new interesting questions about the mode of action of these various molecules in fish. Moreover, certain IFN-ϒ-mediated activities recently observed in mammals are still fully unknown in fish. Another attractive but mainly unexplored curious property of IFN-ϒ in vertebrates is its potential dual role depending on the type of pathogen. In addition, some aspects mediated by this molecule could favour the resolution of a bacterial infection but be harmful in the context of a viral disease, and vice versa. This review collects old and new aspects of IFN-ϒ research in teleosts and discusses new questions and pathways of investigation based on recent discoveries in mammals.
干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）可能是脊椎动物中调控免疫反应的最相关细胞因子之一。尽管这种分子介导的活性在哺乳动物中已被广泛研究，但硬骨鱼类 IFN-γ系统的几个方面仍然是科学家们的一个谜。大量研究支持鱼类 IFN-γ信号通路在哺乳动物中由该细胞因子诱导的一些已描述的免疫过程中具有潜在相似的作用。然而，在一些硬骨鱼类物种中存在复制的 ifng 基因和另一个源自 ifng 的基因，称为干扰素-γ相关（ifngrel），这引发了关于这些不同分子在鱼类中的作用模式的新的有趣问题。此外，最近在哺乳动物中观察到的某些 IFN-γ 介导的活性在鱼类中仍然完全未知。IFN-γ 在脊椎动物中另一个吸引人但主要未被探索的奇特特性是其潜在的双重作用，取决于病原体的类型。此外，这种分子介导的某些方面可能有利于细菌感染的解决，但在病毒疾病的情况下是有害的，反之亦然。本综述收集了硬骨鱼类 IFN-γ 研究的旧有和新方面，并根据哺乳动物的最新发现讨论了新的问题和研究途径。
