Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1580, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, H3.104A, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019 Jun;33(3):393-408. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
Iron deficiency anemia is the leading cause of anemia worldwide and affects many young children and adolescent girls in the United States. Its signs and symptoms are subtle despite significant clinical effects. Iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed clinically by the presence of risk factors and microcytic anemia. Improvement following a trial of oral iron therapy is confirmative. An array of iron laboratory tests is available with variable indications. Clinical trial and iron absorption data support a shift to lower-dose oral iron therapy. Intravenous iron should be considered in children who fail oral iron or who have more complex disorders.
缺铁性贫血是全世界贫血的主要原因，影响美国许多幼儿和少女。尽管缺铁性贫血有显著的临床影响，但它的体征和症状却很微妙。缺铁性贫血通过存在危险因素和小细胞贫血来临床诊断。口服铁治疗后改善是确诊的依据。有一系列的铁实验室检查，适应证不同。临床试验和铁吸收数据支持转向低剂量口服铁治疗。口服铁治疗失败或有更复杂疾病的儿童应考虑静脉铁治疗。
