Developing a moral compass: Themes from the Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses' final essays.

BACKGROUND

The Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses was offered selectively to nurses affiliated with two academic medical centers to increase confidence in ethical decision-making.

RESEARCH QUESTION/AIM: To discover how effective the participants perceived the program and if their goals of participation had been met.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A total of 65 end-of-course essays (from three cohorts) were analyzed using modified directed content analysis. In-depth and recursive readings of the essays by faculty were guided by six questions that had been posed to graduates.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Institutional review board approval was granted for the duration of the program and its reporting period. Confidentiality was maintained via the use of codes for all evaluations including the essays and potentially identifying content redacted.

FINDINGS

An umbrella theme emerged: participants had developed ethical knowledge and skills that provided a "moral compass to navigate the many gray areas of decision-making that confront them in daily practice." Six major themes corresponding to questions posed to the participants included the ability to advocate for good patient care; to support and empower colleagues, patients, and families; they experienced personal and professional transformation; they valued the multimodal nature of the program; and were using their new knowledge and skills in practice. However, they also recognized that their development as moral agents was an ongoing process.

DISCUSSION

Findings support that enhancing nurse confidence in their moral agency with a multimodal educational approach that includes mentored practice in ethical decision-making, enhancing communication skills and role-play can mitigate moral distress. A majority found the program personally and professionally transformative. However, they recognized that ongoing ethics discussion involvement and supportive environments would be important in their continued development of ethical agency.

CONCLUSION

Multimodal ethics education programs have potential to be transformative and enhance nurse confidence in their ethical decision-making.