Chair and Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Curr Mol Med. 2019;19(6):405-418. doi: 10.2174/1566524019666190424143653.
Obesity is a chronic condition associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a useful tool for evaluating executive functions. In this study, we assessed the association between dopaminergic gene polymorphisms: DAT1 (SLC6A3), COMTVal158Met, DRD4 (48-bp variable number of tandem repeats - VNTR) and WCST parameters to investigate the functions of the frontal lobes in obese individuals.
To find the significant correlations between polymorphisms of DAT1, COMTVal158Met, DRD4 and executive functions in obese subjects.
The analysis of the frequency of individual alleles was performed in 248 obese patients (179 women, 69 men). Evaluation of the prefrontal cortex function (operating memory and executive functions) was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Separate analyzes were performed in age subgroups to determine different activities and regulation of genes in younger and older participants.
Scores of WCST parameters were different in the subgroups of women and men and in the age subgroups. Regarding the COMT gene, patients with A/A and G/A polymorphisms showed significantly better WCST results in WCST_P, WCST_CC and WCST_1st. Regarding DAT1 men with L/L and L/S made less non-perseverative errors, which was statistically significant. In DRD4, significantly better WCST_1st results were found only in older women with S allele.
Obtained results indicate the involvement of dopaminergic transmission in the regulation of prefrontal cortex function. Data analysis indicates that prefrontal cortex function may ensue, from different elements such as genetic factors, metabolic aspects of obesity, and hormonal activity (estrogen).
肥胖是一种与认知功能下降相关的慢性疾病。威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）是评估执行功能的有用工具。在这项研究中，我们评估了多巴胺能基因多态性（DAT1 [SLC6A3]、COMTVal158Met、DRD4 [48-bp 串联重复数可变数]）与 WCST 参数之间的关联，以研究肥胖个体额叶的功能。
寻找 DAT1、COMTVal158Met、DRD4 多态性与肥胖个体执行功能之间的显著相关性。
在 248 名肥胖患者（179 名女性，69 名男性）中分析了个体等位基因的频率。使用威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）评估前额叶皮层功能（操作记忆和执行功能）。分别在年龄亚组中进行分析，以确定年轻和年长参与者中不同的基因活性和调控。
WCST 参数的分数在女性和男性亚组以及年龄亚组中有所不同。关于 COMT 基因，具有 A/A 和 G/A 多态性的患者在 WCST_P、WCST_CC 和 WCST_1st 中表现出明显更好的 WCST 结果。关于 DAT1，具有 L/L 和 L/S 多态性的男性在非持续错误方面的表现明显更好，这具有统计学意义。在 DRD4 中，只有携带 S 等位基因的年长女性在 WCST_1st 中表现出明显更好的结果。
研究结果表明，多巴胺能传递参与了前额叶皮层功能的调节。数据分析表明，前额叶皮层功能可能受到遗传因素、肥胖的代谢方面以及激素活动（雌激素）等不同因素的影响。
