ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Aug;29(8):1083-1091. doi: 10.1111/sms.13437. Epub 2019 May 22.
Hamstring injuries are highly prevalent in many running-based sports, and predominantly affect the long head of biceps femoris. Re-injury rates are also high and together lead to considerable time lost from sport. However, the mechanisms for hamstring injury during high-speed running are still not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current literature describing hamstring musculotendon mechanics and electromyography activity during high-speed running, and how they may relate to injury risk. The large eccentric contraction, characterized by peak musculotendon strain and negative work during late swing phase is widely suggested to be potentially injurious. However, it is also argued that high hamstring loads resulting from large joint torques and ground reaction forces during early stance may cause injury. While direct evidence is still lacking, the majority of the literature suggests that the most likely timing of injury is the late swing phase. Future research should aim to prospectively examine the relationship between hamstring musculotendon dynamics and hamstring injury.
腘绳肌损伤在许多基于跑步的运动中非常普遍，主要影响股二头肌长头。再次受伤的比率也很高，这导致运动员大量时间无法参赛。然而，在高速奔跑中腘绳肌损伤的机制仍未完全了解。因此，本综述的目的是总结目前描述高速奔跑中腘绳肌肌肌腱力学和肌电图活动的文献，并探讨它们与受伤风险的关系。大的离心收缩，其特征是在后期摆动阶段的峰值肌肌腱应变和负功，被广泛认为是潜在的有害的。然而，也有人认为，在早期站立阶段，大的关节扭矩和地面反作用力会导致高的腘绳肌负荷，从而导致损伤。虽然直接证据仍然缺乏，但大多数文献表明，最有可能的受伤时间是后期摆动阶段。未来的研究应旨在前瞻性地研究腘绳肌肌肌腱动力学与腘绳肌损伤之间的关系。
