Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Québec, Canada.
Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2019 Sep;63(9):1163-1179. doi: 10.1111/jir.12618. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are characterised by deficits in fundamental movement skills (FMS). In youth with typical development, motor skill interventions have been recognised as an efficient means to improve FMS. However, the effects of these interventions among youth with ID have not yet been systematically reviewed.
The purpose of the present systematic review was to summarise the findings from studies pertaining to the effects of motor skill interventions designed to improve FMS in children and adolescents with ID.
A systematic literature search (without year restriction) was performed in 12 databases. Studies in press or published in English in a peer-reviewed journal were included if: (1) participants were youth with ID aged 5 to 22; (2) motor skill interventions aimed to improve one or several FMS; and (3) they were experimental, quasi-experimental or pre-experimental. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.
Through the search strategy, 1083 articles were identified, and 14 studies published between 1969 and 2018 met the inclusion criteria. In studies with children, motor skill interventions successfully improved balance skills and overall FMS, whereas mixed and inconclusive results were found for locomotor skills. In studies with adolescents, motor skill interventions were shown to successfully improve balance skills. However, none of the motor skill interventions reviewed focused on locomotor and object control skills.
The reviewed motor skill interventions were effective in improving balance skills in both children and adolescents with ID as well as overall FMS in children with ID. Conversely, the effects of motor skill interventions targeting locomotor and object control skills remain unclear. Therefore, given the relatively small number of studies and their limitations, the present findings need to be interpreted with caution, and further rigorous studies are necessary.
智障儿童和青少年的基本运动技能（FMS）存在缺陷。在发展正常的青少年中，运动技能干预已被认为是提高 FMS 的有效手段。然而，这些干预措施对智障青少年的影响尚未得到系统审查。
本系统综述的目的是总结旨在改善智障儿童和青少年基本运动技能的运动技能干预措施的研究结果。
对 12 个数据库进行了系统的文献检索（无年限限制）。如果符合以下标准，发表在同行评议期刊上的以英语出版的在印或已发表的研究将被纳入：（1）参与者为 5 至 22 岁的智障青少年；（2）运动技能干预旨在提高一项或多项 FMS；（3）它们是实验性、准实验性或前实验性的。采用物理治疗证据数据库量表评估研究质量。
通过搜索策略，确定了 1083 篇文章，1969 年至 2018 年间发表的 14 项研究符合纳入标准。在针对儿童的研究中，运动技能干预成功地提高了平衡技能和整体 FMS，而对移动技能的研究结果则是混合的和不确定的。在针对青少年的研究中，运动技能干预被证明能成功地提高平衡技能。然而，回顾的运动技能干预都没有针对移动和物体控制技能。
所审查的运动技能干预措施在智障儿童和青少年中均有效提高了平衡技能，在智障儿童中也有效提高了整体 FMS。相反，针对运动技能干预措施针对运动和物体控制技能的效果仍不清楚。因此，鉴于研究数量相对较少及其局限性，本研究结果需要谨慎解释，还需要进一步进行严格的研究。
