Olkowski Z L, McLaren J R, Skeen M J
Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Nov;62(11):1651-61.
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and lung carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy (RT) prior to being randomly assigned either to a group receiving no further treatment or to a group treated with combined adjuvant immunotherapy (bacillus Calmette-Guérin and levamisole). A battery of in vitro immunologic evaluations in addition to skin tests was used to evaluate these patients prior to RT, immediately following RT, and at regular intervals thereafter. Mean percentages and levels of circulating T lymphocytes were significantly lower in all three types of patients prior to RT than in normal healthy controls. B-lymphocyte percentages and levels, however, were not significantly different from controls except for lower B-cell levels in the lung group. Following completion of RT, circulating levels of both T and B lymphocytes were significantly lower than pretreatment values although the percentages were not significantly changed. Mitogenic responses of patient lymphocytes to both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were significantly lower prior to RT than were healthy control responses. A further depression of blastogenesis following RT was statistically significant. Preliminary data at intervals following RT indicate a gradual recovery of depressed immune parameters (T- and B-lymphocyte levels and mitogenic responses) both in patients treated with adjuvant immunotherapy and in those receiving no further treatment. Although not statistically significant in preliminary data, there is a suggestion that recovery of these immune parameters is slower in the group receiving immunotherapy. Plasma sialic acid levels were elevated in patients when compared to healthy controls and remained elevated throughout the study with little fluctuation. Lymphocyte cytotoxic activity against tumor target cells was variably affected by RT, but was generally increased at 8 weeks following RT when compared to previous values.
头颈部鳞状细胞癌、子宫颈鳞状细胞癌和肺癌患者在接受放射治疗（RT）后，被随机分为两组，一组不再接受进一步治疗，另一组接受联合辅助免疫疗法（卡介苗和左旋咪唑）治疗。除皮肤试验外，还采用了一系列体外免疫学评估方法，在放疗前、放疗刚结束后以及此后定期对这些患者进行评估。在放疗前，所有三种类型患者的循环T淋巴细胞平均百分比和水平均显著低于正常健康对照组。然而，B淋巴细胞百分比和水平与对照组无显著差异，只是肺癌组的B细胞水平较低。放疗结束后，T和B淋巴细胞的循环水平均显著低于治疗前值，尽管百分比没有显著变化。放疗前患者淋巴细胞对植物血凝素和商陆有丝分裂原的促有丝分裂反应显著低于健康对照反应。放疗后母细胞形成的进一步降低具有统计学意义。放疗后不同时间点的初步数据表明，接受辅助免疫治疗的患者和未接受进一步治疗的患者中，免疫参数（T和B淋巴细胞水平以及促有丝分裂反应）的降低逐渐恢复。尽管初步数据无统计学意义，但有迹象表明，接受免疫治疗的组中这些免疫参数的恢复较慢。与健康对照相比，患者血浆唾液酸水平升高，并且在整个研究过程中一直保持升高，波动很小。放疗对淋巴细胞针对肿瘤靶细胞的细胞毒性活性有不同程度的影响，但与之前的值相比，放疗后8周时通常会增加。
